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Category: Viva

  • 50 Viva Questions and Answers for CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Exam 2024-25

    50 Viva Questions and Answers for CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Exam 2024-25

    The CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Exam is a crucial part of the curriculum, designed to test not only your theoretical knowledge but also your understanding of experimental physics. To help you ace your viva, we have compiled 50 important questions and their answers, categorized by experiments.

    1. General Questions

    1. What is the least count of a vernier caliper?
      • The least count of a vernier caliper is typically 0.01 cm or 0.1 mm.
    2. Define the least count of a screw gauge.
      • It is the smallest measurement a screw gauge can measure, usually 0.01 mm.
    3. What is the principle of a potentiometer?
      • A potentiometer works on the principle that the potential difference across a wire is directly proportional to its length, provided the wire has a uniform cross-sectional area and constant current.
    4. Why is a galvanometer not used to measure heavy currents?
      • A galvanometer is sensitive and can only measure small currents. Heavy currents can damage its coil.
    5. What is the significance of least count?
      • It determines the accuracy and precision of an instrument.

    2. Experiments Related to Mechanics

    1. What is a simple pendulum?
      • It is a mass (bob) attached to a fixed point via a string that swings back and forth under gravity.
    2. Why do we neglect air resistance in a pendulum experiment?
      • To simplify calculations and focus on the theoretical principles.
    3. Define time period.
      • The time taken by the pendulum to complete one full oscillation.
    4. What is the relation between length and time period of a pendulum?
      • T=2πLgT = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}
    5. Why is a small angle of oscillation preferred in a simple pendulum experiment?
      • To ensure that the motion remains simple harmonic.

    3. Optics Experiments

    1. What is the focal length of a convex lens?
      • The distance between the optical center and the focal point.
    2. How is the refractive index calculated?
      • Refractive Index (n) = sin⁡isin⁡r\frac{\sin i}{\sin r}, where ii is the angle of incidence, and rr is the angle of refraction.
    3. Why do we use a sodium lamp in experiments involving a spectrometer?
      • It provides monochromatic light, which is essential for precise measurements.
    4. What is the difference between real and virtual images?
      • A real image can be projected on a screen; a virtual image cannot.
    5. What is the function of a prism?
      • A prism disperses white light into its constituent colors due to refraction.

    4. Current Electricity Experiments

    1. State Ohm’s Law.
      • The current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it, provided the temperature remains constant.
    2. What is the unit of resistance?
      • Ohm (Ω\Omega).
    3. Why do we use a low-resistance wire in a potentiometer?
      • To reduce the effect of resistance and maintain a uniform potential gradient.
    4. What is the function of a rheostat?
      • A rheostat is used to vary the resistance in a circuit.
    5. Why is the ammeter connected in series?
      • To measure the current flowing through the entire circuit.

    5. Semiconductors and Electronics

    1. What is a semiconductor?
      • A material whose conductivity lies between that of conductors and insulators.
    2. What is the difference between n-type and p-type semiconductors?
      • n-type has an excess of electrons, while p-type has an excess of holes.
    3. What is the function of a diode?
      • A diode allows current to flow in one direction only.
    4. What is a Zener diode?
      • A special type of diode that conducts in the reverse direction when a certain voltage is reached.
    5. Define rectification.
      • The process of converting alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC).

    6. Magnetism Experiments

    1. What is the unit of magnetic field strength?
      • Tesla (T).
    2. What is the principle of a tangent galvanometer?
      • It works on the principle that a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field experiences torque.
    3. What is magnetic susceptibility?
      • It is the measure of how much a material can be magnetized.
    4. What are magnetic lines of force?
      • Imaginary lines that represent the direction of the magnetic field.
    5. What is the Earth’s magnetic field?
      • The magnetic field surrounding the Earth, caused by the movement of molten iron in its core.

    7. Errors and Measurements

    1. What is a systematic error?
      • Errors that occur consistently and can be corrected.
    2. Define random error.
      • Errors that occur unpredictably and cannot be corrected easily.
    3. What is least count error?
      • The error associated with the resolution of the measuring instrument.
    4. How do you calculate percentage error?
      • ( \text{Percentage Error} = \frac{\text{Measured Value – True Value}}{\text{True Value}} \times 100 %
    5. What are parallax errors?
      • Errors due to incorrect positioning of the observer’s eye.

    8. Miscellaneous Questions

    1. What is resonance?
      • The condition where the natural frequency matches the driving frequency, resulting in maximum amplitude.
    2. Define drift velocity.
      • The average velocity of electrons in a conductor due to an applied electric field.
    3. What is the principle of conservation of energy?
      • Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed.
    4. What is meant by critical angle?
      • The angle of incidence at which the refracted ray grazes the surface.
    5. What is total internal reflection?
      • When light reflects entirely back into a medium at an angle greater than the critical angle.

    9. Numerical Problem-Based Questions

    1. Calculate the equivalent resistance for resistors in series.
      • Req=R1+R2+R3+…R_{\text{eq}} = R_1 + R_2 + R_3 + \dots
    2. Calculate the equivalent resistance for resistors in parallel.
      • 1Req=1R1+1R2+1R3+…\frac{1}{R_{\text{eq}}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \frac{1}{R_3} + \dots
    3. How do you calculate the power dissipated in a resistor?
      • P=I2RP = I^2R
    4. What is the formula for kinetic energy?
      • KE=12mv2KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2
    5. Define potential energy.
      • The energy possessed by a body due to its position or configuration.

    10. Advanced Questions

    1. What is Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle?
      • It states that it is impossible to simultaneously measure the exact position and momentum of a particle.
    2. Define wave-particle duality.
      • Light and matter exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties.
    3. What is superconductivity?
      • The property of zero electrical resistance in certain materials below a critical temperature.
    4. Explain the photoelectric effect.
      • The emission of electrons from a metal surface when light of sufficient energy strikes it.
    5. What is Planck’s constant?
      • A fundamental constant with a value of 6.63×10−34Js6.63 \times 10^{-34} \text{Js}.

    With this comprehensive list of viva questions, you can prepare effectively for your CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Exam 2024-25. Remember, confidence and clarity in concepts are key to performing well!

  • 50 Viva Questions and Answers for CBSE Class 12th Business Studies Practical Exam (2024-25)

    50 Viva Questions and Answers for CBSE Class 12th Business Studies Practical Exam (2024-25)

    Business Studies is an essential subject for Class 12 students, offering insights into the corporate world and managerial functions. The practical examination, an integral part of the CBSE curriculum, assesses not just theoretical knowledge but also the ability to apply concepts effectively. To help you excel in your viva, here’s a curated list of 50 commonly asked questions along with their answers.

    General Questions:

    1. What is Business Studies?
      • Business Studies is a field of study that deals with business organization, management, and operations.
    2. What are the objectives of studying Business Studies?
      • To develop business acumen, understand managerial concepts, and enhance decision-making skills.
    3. Define management.
      • Management is the process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals.
    4. Who is considered the ‘Father of Scientific Management’?
      • Frederick Winslow Taylor.
    5. What are the five functions of management?
      • Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.

    Questions on Principles of Management:

    1. What are management principles?
      • Fundamental truths that guide managerial decision-making and actions.
    2. Who proposed the 14 principles of management?
      • Henri Fayol.
    3. Name any three principles of management.
      • Division of work, authority and responsibility, and discipline.
    4. Explain the principle of unity of command.
      • An employee should receive orders from only one superior.
    5. What is Taylor’s concept of ‘Scientific Management’?
      • A systematic approach to improving efficiency by analyzing and standardizing work processes.

    Questions on Planning:

    1. What is planning?
      • Planning involves setting objectives and determining the best course of action to achieve them.
    2. What are the types of plans?
      • Strategic plans, tactical plans, and operational plans.
    3. Define objectives.
      • Objectives are specific results that an organization aims to achieve.
    4. What is the importance of planning?
      • Provides direction, reduces risks, facilitates decision-making, and promotes innovation.
    5. What is a policy?
      • A policy is a general guideline for decision-making within an organization.

    Questions on Organizing:

    1. What is organizing?
      • Organizing involves arranging resources and tasks to achieve objectives.
    2. Define organizational structure.
      • The framework within which tasks are divided, grouped, and coordinated.
    3. What are the types of organizational structures?
      • Functional, divisional, and matrix structures.
    4. What is the importance of delegation?
      • It helps in sharing the workload, develops subordinates, and facilitates better decision-making.
    5. What is decentralization?
      • Delegation of decision-making authority to lower levels in an organization.

    Questions on Staffing:

    1. What is staffing?
      • Staffing involves recruiting, selecting, training, and developing employees.
    2. What are the steps in the staffing process?
      • Manpower planning, recruitment, selection, training, and performance appraisal.
    3. What is recruitment?
      • Recruitment is the process of attracting potential candidates for a job.
    4. What are the sources of recruitment?
      • Internal (promotions, transfers) and external (advertisements, campus placements).
    5. What is the importance of training?
      • Enhances employee skills, increases productivity, and reduces errors.

    Questions on Directing:

    1. What is directing?
      • Directing involves guiding, motivating, and supervising employees to achieve organizational goals.
    2. What are the elements of directing?
      • Supervision, motivation, leadership, and communication.
    3. What is motivation?
      • Motivation is the process of stimulating people to work towards goals.
    4. What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
      • A motivational theory that identifies five levels of human needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization.
    5. What is leadership?
      • Leadership is the ability to influence and guide individuals towards achieving goals.

    Questions on Controlling:

    1. What is controlling?
      • Controlling involves monitoring performance and ensuring it aligns with planned objectives.
    2. What are the steps in the controlling process?
      • Setting standards, measuring performance, comparing with standards, and taking corrective action.
    3. Define standard.
      • A standard is a benchmark for measuring performance.
    4. What is a budget?
      • A budget is a financial plan for allocating resources.
    5. What is the importance of controlling?
      • Ensures efficient use of resources, improves performance, and achieves objectives.

    Case Study-Based Questions:

    1. How would you handle a decline in employee productivity?
      • Identify the cause, provide training, and implement motivational strategies.
    2. If a team is facing conflicts, how would you resolve them?
      • Address the issue through communication, mediation, and collaboration.
    3. What steps would you take to launch a new product?
      • Market research, planning, resource allocation, promotion, and feedback analysis.
    4. How would you manage a sudden drop in sales?
      • Analyze the market, improve marketing strategies, and enhance product quality.
    5. What strategies would you use to motivate employees?
      • Provide incentives, recognition, and opportunities for growth.

    Questions on Business Environment:

    1. What is a business environment?
      • The sum of all external and internal factors affecting a business.
    2. What are the dimensions of the business environment?
      • Economic, social, technological, political, and legal environments.
    3. What is globalization?
      • Globalization is the integration of economies worldwide through trade and investment.
    4. What is liberalization?
      • Liberalization is the relaxation of government restrictions on economic activities.
    5. Define corporate social responsibility (CSR).
      • CSR refers to a company’s responsibility to contribute positively to society.

    Miscellaneous Questions:

    1. What is entrepreneurship?
      • Entrepreneurship is the process of identifying opportunities and starting a new business.
    2. What is the role of ethics in business?
      • Ethics ensures transparency, fairness, and trustworthiness in business practices.
    3. What is SWOT analysis?
      • SWOT analysis identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
    4. What is a business plan?
      • A business plan is a document outlining business goals and the strategies to achieve them.
    5. What are the qualities of a successful manager?
      • Decision-making skills, leadership, communication, adaptability, and problem-solving.

    Tips for Viva Preparation:

    1. Understand Key Concepts: Ensure you have a strong grasp of the syllabus topics.
    2. Practice Mock Vivas: Rehearse answering questions aloud to boost confidence.
    3. Stay Updated: Be aware of current trends and case studies in business.
    4. Present Confidently: Maintain good posture, eye contact, and clarity while answering.

    By preparing these questions thoroughly, you can approach your viva with confidence and excel in your CBSE Class 12 Business Studies practical exam. Best of luck!

  • 50 Viva Questions and Answers for CBSE Class 12th Economics Practical Exam 2024-25

    50 Viva Questions and Answers for CBSE Class 12th Economics Practical Exam 2024-25

    The CBSE Class 12th Economics Practical Exam is a crucial component of the overall assessment. To help students prepare effectively, we have compiled a list of 50 important viva questions along with their answers. These questions cover key areas of the syllabus and ensure that you are well-prepared to tackle the viva confidently.

    Part A: Microeconomics

    1. What is Microeconomics?
      Microeconomics is the study of individual economic units such as households, firms, and markets.
    2. What are the central problems of an economy?
      The central problems are what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce.
    3. Define demand.
      Demand refers to the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at different prices in a given period.
    4. State the law of demand.
      The law of demand states that other things being equal, as the price of a good falls, its quantity demanded rises, and vice versa.
    5. What is elasticity of demand?
      Elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price.
    6. What is meant by marginal utility?
      Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction gained by consuming one more unit of a good.
    7. Explain the concept of indifference curve.
      An indifference curve represents a combination of two goods that provide the consumer with equal satisfaction.
    8. What is perfect competition?
      Perfect competition is a market structure with many buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, and free entry and exit.
    9. What are fixed costs?
      Fixed costs are costs that remain constant regardless of the level of production.
    10. Define producer equilibrium.
      Producer equilibrium occurs when a producer maximizes profit by producing a quantity where marginal cost equals marginal revenue.

    Part B: Macroeconomics

    1. What is Macroeconomics?
      Macroeconomics studies the economy as a whole, focusing on aggregate variables like GDP, inflation, and unemployment.
    2. What is GDP?
      GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the total value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period.
    3. What is national income?
      National income is the total income earned by a country’s residents and businesses, including wages, rents, interests, and profits.
    4. What is fiscal policy?
      Fiscal policy refers to government policies regarding taxation and public expenditure.
    5. Explain monetary policy.
      Monetary policy involves managing the money supply and interest rates to control inflation and stabilize the economy.
    6. What is inflation?
      Inflation is the sustained rise in the general price level of goods and services over time.
    7. Define unemployment.
      Unemployment refers to the situation where people who are willing and able to work cannot find jobs.
    8. What is balance of payments?
      Balance of payments is a record of all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world in a specific period.
    9. What is foreign exchange?
      Foreign exchange refers to the currencies of other countries and the exchange system that facilitates international trade.
    10. What is the difference between direct tax and indirect tax?
      Direct tax is paid directly to the government by the individual (e.g., income tax), while indirect tax is levied on goods and services (e.g., GST).

    Part C: Project Work

    1. What is the objective of your project?
      (Answer depends on your project’s topic; e.g., analyzing the impact of GST on small businesses.)
    2. What methodology did you use for your project?
      (Provide details like surveys, interviews, secondary data analysis, etc.)
    3. What are your key findings?
      (Summarize the main results of your project.)
    4. How did you collect your data?
      Data was collected through primary sources such as surveys and secondary sources like reports.
    5. What challenges did you face during the project?
      (Explain challenges like data collection difficulties or time constraints.)
    6. What is the significance of your project?
      (Highlight the importance of your project’s findings.)
    7. What are the limitations of your study?
      (Discuss any constraints such as sample size or data availability.)
    8. How is your project relevant to the economy?
      (Explain how your project addresses real-world economic issues.)
    9. What suggestions do you have based on your project?
      (Provide practical recommendations derived from your findings.)
    10. Can you explain any one concept used in your project?
      (Choose a key concept, e.g., elasticity, to explain.)

    General Questions

    1. What is the role of the Reserve Bank of India?
      The RBI regulates the country’s monetary policy, issues currency, and maintains financial stability.
    2. What is the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics?
      Microeconomics focuses on individual units, while macroeconomics examines the economy as a whole.
    3. What are the different types of market structures?
      Perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly.
    4. What is opportunity cost?
      Opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative forgone.
    5. What are public goods?
      Public goods are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, such as street lighting.
    6. Explain the concept of supply.
      Supply refers to the quantity of a good that producers are willing to sell at different prices in a given period.
    7. What is the Phillips Curve?
      The Phillips Curve shows the inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment.
    8. What is deficit financing?
      Deficit financing occurs when a government spends more than its revenue and covers the gap by borrowing.
    9. What is the law of diminishing marginal utility?
      As more units of a good are consumed, the additional satisfaction from consuming each additional unit decreases.
    10. What is the multiplier effect?
      The multiplier effect refers to the increase in final income arising from an initial injection of spending.

    Practical and Case-Based Questions

    1. Can you interpret this demand schedule?
      (Be prepared to analyze a given schedule.)
    2. What are the factors affecting demand?
      Income, tastes, prices of related goods, expectations, etc.
    3. Explain the law of supply with an example.
      As the price of a good rises, its supply increases, e.g., agricultural products.
    4. What is the relationship between cost and revenue?
      Costs are expenses incurred, while revenue is income earned from sales.
    5. Can you analyze this economic graph?
      (Practice interpreting graphs like demand curves or GDP trends.)
    6. What is the importance of data in economics?
      Data helps in making informed decisions and analyzing trends.
    7. What is sustainable development?
      Development that meets current needs without compromising future generations.
    8. What is the role of government in a mixed economy?
      The government regulates and intervenes while allowing private enterprises to operate.
    9. What is the significance of the circular flow of income?
      It illustrates the movement of income between households and firms in an economy.
    10. What are the basic assumptions in economics?
      Rational behavior, scarcity of resources, and optimization.

    Preparing these questions will ensure you are confident and well-prepared for your Economics viva. Remember to revise your project thoroughly and stay calm during the exam. Good luck!

  • 50 Viva Questions and Answers for CBSE Class 12th Accountancy Practical Exam

    50 Viva Questions and Answers for CBSE Class 12th Accountancy Practical Exam

    The CBSE Class 12th Accountancy Practical Exam is a crucial component of the syllabus, assessing students on their understanding of accounting concepts and practical application skills. To help you prepare effectively, we have compiled 50 important viva questions along with answers that are commonly asked during the exam. These questions cover topics like Financial Statements, Ratio Analysis, Cash Flow Statements, and Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organizations.

    1. General Accounting Concepts

    Q1: What is accounting?

    A: Accounting is the process of identifying, recording, classifying, summarizing, and interpreting financial information to make informed business decisions.

    Q2: Define a “liability.”

    A: Liability is an obligation of a business to pay money or provide goods or services to another party in the future.

    Q3: What are the three golden rules of accounting?

    A:

    1. Personal Account: Debit the receiver, credit the giver.
    2. Real Account: Debit what comes in, credit what goes out.
    3. Nominal Account: Debit all expenses and losses, credit all incomes and gains.

    Q4: What is the accounting equation?

    A: Assets = Liabilities + Capital.

    Q5: What is a “journal” in accounting?

    A: A journal is a book of original entry where all financial transactions are recorded chronologically.

    2. Financial Statements

    Q6: What is the purpose of financial statements?

    A: Financial statements provide information about a company’s financial performance and position, helping stakeholders make informed decisions.

    Q7: What are the components of financial statements?

    A: Balance Sheet, Profit and Loss Account, and Cash Flow Statement.

    Q8: What is the difference between revenue expenditure and capital expenditure?

    A: Revenue expenditure is incurred for day-to-day operations, while capital expenditure is incurred to acquire or improve fixed assets.

    Q9: What is the format of a Balance Sheet?

    A: A Balance Sheet is prepared in a vertical format showing assets on one side and liabilities and capital on the other.

    Q10: What is meant by depreciation?

    A: Depreciation is the reduction in the value of a fixed asset due to wear and tear, obsolescence, or usage over time.

    3. Ratio Analysis

    Q11: What is ratio analysis?

    A: Ratio analysis is a quantitative method used to evaluate the financial performance of a company by analyzing relationships between financial statement items.

    Q12: Define current ratio.

    A: Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities.

    Q13: What does a debt-equity ratio indicate?

    A: It indicates the proportion of debt and equity used to finance a company’s assets.

    Q14: How is the net profit ratio calculated?

    A: Net Profit Ratio = (Net Profit / Revenue) × 100.

    Q15: What is the ideal current ratio?

    A: The ideal current ratio is 2:1.

    4. Cash Flow Statements

    Q16: What is a cash flow statement?

    A: A cash flow statement shows the inflow and outflow of cash during a specific period, categorized into operating, investing, and financing activities.

    Q17: Differentiate between operating and investing activities.

    A: Operating activities are related to the core business operations, while investing activities involve the acquisition or disposal of long-term assets.

    Q18: What is the formula for cash flow from operating activities?

    A: Net Profit + Non-Cash Expenses − Changes in Working Capital.

    Q19: What is free cash flow?

    A: Free cash flow is the cash available after accounting for capital expenditures required to maintain or expand the asset base.

    Q20: How do you calculate cash flow from financing activities?

    A: Cash flow from financing activities includes transactions related to raising or repaying capital and debt, e.g., issue of shares or repayment of loans.

    5. Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organizations (NPOs)

    Q21: What is a not-for-profit organization?

    A: An organization that operates to provide services rather than to earn a profit, e.g., NGOs, clubs, and societies.

    Q22: What is a Receipts and Payments Account?

    A: It is a summary of all cash and bank transactions of an NPO during a specific period.

    Q23: How is a subscription treated in accounting for NPOs?

    A: Subscriptions are treated as revenue and recorded in the Income and Expenditure Account.

    Q24: Define the term “fund-based accounting.”

    A: It is a system of accounting used by NPOs to manage specific funds separately, ensuring funds are used only for their intended purposes.

    Q25: What is the difference between Income and Expenditure Account and Profit and Loss Account?

    A: An Income and Expenditure Account is prepared by NPOs, while a Profit and Loss Account is prepared by profit-oriented businesses.

    6. Partnership Accounting

    Q26: What is partnership accounting?

    A: It involves accounting for the financial transactions of a partnership firm.

    Q27: Define partnership deed.

    A: A partnership deed is a written agreement among partners specifying the terms and conditions of the partnership.

    Q28: How are profits shared in a partnership?

    A: Profits are shared according to the ratio specified in the partnership deed. If not specified, profits are shared equally.

    Q29: What is goodwill? How is it calculated?

    A: Goodwill is an intangible asset representing the reputation of a business. It is calculated using methods like average profit or super profit.

    Q30: What happens if a partner retires?

    A: The retiring partner’s share of capital, goodwill, and revaluation of assets and liabilities is adjusted.

    7. Miscellaneous Questions

    Q31: What is meant by “bank reconciliation statement”?

    A: It is a statement prepared to reconcile the differences between the cash book and bank statement.

    Q32: What is TDS?

    A: TDS stands for Tax Deducted at Source, a mechanism where tax is deducted at the time of making payments.

    Q33: What is a “provision” in accounting?

    A: A provision is an amount set aside to cover a known liability whose exact amount or timing is uncertain.

    Q34: What is the accrual basis of accounting?

    A: Revenue and expenses are recorded when they are earned or incurred, regardless of when cash is received or paid.

    Q35: What are contingent liabilities?

    A: Contingent liabilities are potential obligations that may arise depending on the outcome of future events.

    Additional Questions

    Q36: Explain the dual aspect concept.

    A: Every transaction has two effects – a debit and a credit.

    Q37: What is a trial balance?

    A: A trial balance is a statement that lists all ledger balances to check the mathematical accuracy of the books.

    Q38: What is amortization?

    A: Amortization is the gradual writing off of intangible assets over their useful life.

    Q39: Define reserves.

    A: Reserves are portions of profits set aside to strengthen the financial position of a company.

    Q40: What is an “error of omission”?

    A: An error of omission occurs when a transaction is not recorded in the books.

    Practical Case-Based Questions

    Q41: How do you prepare a ledger account?

    Q42: What is the importance of adjusting entries? Q43: How is bad debt recorded in the books? Q44: What are the steps to prepare a Cash Flow Statement? Q45: How do you calculate interest on a partner’s capital?

    Exam Tips

    1. Understand the basics of each concept.
    2. Practice solving practical problems regularly.
    3. Familiarize yourself with the exam’s marking scheme.
    4. Stay updated with any changes in the syllabus.
    5. Manage your time effectively during the viva and practical exam.

    By reviewing these questions and answers, you’ll be better prepared to face the viva confidently. Best of luck with your CBSE Class 12th Accountancy Practical Exam!