{"id":877,"date":"2025-01-15T13:26:11","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T13:26:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itxperts.co.in\/blog\/?p=877"},"modified":"2025-01-15T13:26:12","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T13:26:12","slug":"cbse-class-12th-ip-cs-viva-questions-and-answers-python-mysql-networking-societal-impacts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itxperts.co.in\/blog\/cbse-class-12th-ip-cs-viva-questions-and-answers-python-mysql-networking-societal-impacts\/","title":{"rendered":"CBSE Class 12th IP\/CS Viva Questions and Answers (Python, MySQL, Networking, Societal Impacts)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Python Questions<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Q:<\/strong> What are Python\u2019s key features?
    A:<\/strong> Python is interpreted, high-level, dynamically typed, and supports object-oriented programming.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Q:<\/strong> What is the difference between a list and a tuple?
    A:<\/strong> Lists are mutable, whereas tuples are immutable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Q:<\/strong> How do you declare a variable in Python?
    A:<\/strong> Variables are declared when they are assigned a value, e.g., x = 5<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Q:<\/strong> Explain the use of the range()<\/code> function.
    A:<\/strong> It generates a sequence of numbers. Example: range(5)<\/code> creates [0, 1, 2, 3, 4].<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Q:<\/strong> What is the difference between is<\/code> and ==<\/code>?
    A:<\/strong> is<\/code> checks identity, whereas ==<\/code> checks equality.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Q:<\/strong> What is a Python dictionary?
    A:<\/strong> It is an unordered collection of key-value pairs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Q:<\/strong> What is the output of print(2 ** 3)<\/code>?
    A:<\/strong> 8<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Q:<\/strong> Explain list comprehension.
    A:<\/strong> It provides a concise way to create lists. Example: [x**2 for x in range(5)]<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Q:<\/strong> How can you handle exceptions in Python?
    A:<\/strong> Using try<\/code>, except<\/code>, and finally<\/code> blocks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Q:<\/strong> What are Python\u2019s data types?
    A:<\/strong> Common types include int<\/code>, float<\/code>, str<\/code>, list<\/code>, tuple<\/code>, dict<\/code>, and bool<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Q:<\/strong> What is a Python module?
    A:<\/strong> A file containing Python code that can be imported.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. Q:<\/strong> What are *args and **kwargs?
    A:<\/strong> *args<\/code> passes variable-length positional arguments; **kwargs<\/code> passes variable-length keyword arguments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. Q:<\/strong> How do you define a function in Python?
    A:<\/strong> Using the def<\/code> keyword, e.g., def func_name():<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. Q:<\/strong> What are lambda functions?
    A:<\/strong> Anonymous functions defined with the lambda<\/code> keyword.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. Q:<\/strong> Explain the difference between del<\/code> and remove()<\/code> in lists.
    A:<\/strong> del<\/code> removes an element by index, whereas remove()<\/code> removes by value.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. Q:<\/strong> What is recursion?
    A:<\/strong> A function calling itself directly or indirectly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. Q:<\/strong> How do you read a file in Python?
    A:<\/strong> Using open()<\/code> followed by .read()<\/code> or .readlines()<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18. Q:<\/strong> What is the purpose of the with<\/code> statement in file handling?
    A:<\/strong> It ensures proper cleanup of file resources.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  19. Q:<\/strong> How do you import a specific function from a module?
    A:<\/strong> Using from module import function<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  20. Q:<\/strong> How do you concatenate strings in Python?
    A:<\/strong> Using the +<\/code> operator or join()<\/code> method.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    MySQL Questions<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Q:<\/strong> What is SQL?
      A:<\/strong> SQL stands for Structured Query Language used to manage relational databases.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Q:<\/strong> What are primary keys?
      A:<\/strong> A column or set of columns uniquely identifying a row in a table.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Q:<\/strong> What is the difference between CHAR<\/code> and VARCHAR<\/code>?
      A:<\/strong> CHAR<\/code> is fixed-length, while VARCHAR<\/code> is variable-length.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Q:<\/strong> How do you fetch data from a table?
      A:<\/strong> Using the SELECT<\/code> statement, e.g., SELECT * FROM table_name;<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Q:<\/strong> Explain the use of the WHERE<\/code> clause.
      A:<\/strong> Filters rows based on a condition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    6. Q:<\/strong> What is a foreign key?
      A:<\/strong> A key in one table referencing a primary key in another.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    7. Q:<\/strong> How do you add a column to an existing table?
      A:<\/strong> Using ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    8. Q:<\/strong> What are joins in SQL?
      A:<\/strong> Joins combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    9. Q:<\/strong> Explain the difference between INNER JOIN<\/code> and OUTER JOIN<\/code>.
      A:<\/strong> INNER JOIN<\/code> returns matching rows; OUTER JOIN<\/code> includes unmatched rows too.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    10. Q:<\/strong> How do you create a database?
      A:<\/strong> Using CREATE DATABASE db_name;<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    11. Q:<\/strong> What are constraints in SQL?
      A:<\/strong> Rules enforced on columns, like NOT NULL<\/code>, UNIQUE<\/code>, and CHECK<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    12. Q:<\/strong> How do you delete a table?
      A:<\/strong> Using DROP TABLE table_name;<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    13. Q:<\/strong> What is the use of GROUP BY<\/code>?
      A:<\/strong> Groups rows sharing a property and performs aggregate calculations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    14. Q:<\/strong> How do you sort results in SQL?
      A:<\/strong> Using ORDER BY column_name ASC\/DESC;<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    15. Q:<\/strong> What are aggregate functions?
      A:<\/strong> Functions like SUM()<\/code>, AVG()<\/code>, COUNT()<\/code>, MIN()<\/code>, and MAX()<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    16. Q:<\/strong> Explain the LIKE<\/code> operator.
      A:<\/strong> Used for pattern matching with %<\/code> and _<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    17. Q:<\/strong> What is the difference between TRUNCATE<\/code> and DELETE<\/code>?
      A:<\/strong> TRUNCATE<\/code> removes all rows, DELETE<\/code> can filter rows.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    18. Q:<\/strong> How do you back up a MySQL database?
      A:<\/strong> Using mysqldump<\/code> utility.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    19. Q:<\/strong> What is indexing in SQL?
      A:<\/strong> It improves query performance by reducing data retrieval time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    20. Q:<\/strong> How do you count rows in a table?
      A:<\/strong> Using SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name;<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Networking Questions<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. Q:<\/strong> What is a computer network?
        A:<\/strong> A collection of interconnected devices sharing resources and information.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Q:<\/strong> What are the types of networks?
        A:<\/strong> LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN, and WLAN.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Q:<\/strong> Define IP address.
        A:<\/strong> A unique address identifying devices on a network.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. Q:<\/strong> What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?
        A:<\/strong> IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses; IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. Q:<\/strong> What is a MAC address?
        A:<\/strong> A hardware address unique to a network interface.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      6. Q:<\/strong> What are the layers of the OSI model?
        A:<\/strong> Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      7. Q:<\/strong> What is DNS?
        A:<\/strong> Domain Name System maps domain names to IP addresses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      8. Q:<\/strong> Define HTTP and HTTPS.
        A:<\/strong> HTTP is unsecured; HTTPS uses SSL\/TLS for encryption.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      9. Q:<\/strong> What is the role of a router?
        A:<\/strong> Directs data packets between networks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      10. Q:<\/strong> What is a firewall?
        A:<\/strong> A security system to monitor and control network traffic.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Societal Impacts Questions<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. Q:<\/strong> What is digital divide?
          A:<\/strong> The gap between those with and without access to technology.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Q:<\/strong> What are the ethical concerns in AI?
          A:<\/strong> Bias, job displacement, privacy, and accountability.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. Q:<\/strong> How can social media impact mental health?
          A:<\/strong> It can lead to anxiety, depression, and self-esteem issues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. Q:<\/strong> What are the benefits of e-governance?
          A:<\/strong> Transparency, efficiency, and accessibility of government services.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        5. Q:<\/strong> Explain phishing.
          A:<\/strong> Fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information via fake emails or websites.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        6. Q:<\/strong> What is cyberbullying?
          A:<\/strong> Bullying through digital platforms like social media.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        7. Q:<\/strong> Define intellectual property rights (IPR).
          A:<\/strong> Legal rights protecting creators’ works.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        8. Q:<\/strong> What is net neutrality?
          A:<\/strong> The principle that ISPs must treat all data equally.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        9. Q:<\/strong> What is the impact of e-waste?
          A:<\/strong> Pollution, health hazards, and resource depletion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        10. Q:<\/strong> How can technology reduce carbon footprints?
          A:<\/strong> Through energy-efficient devices and renewable energy technologies.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          Additional Questions<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1. Q:<\/strong> What is the difference between sort()<\/code> and sorted()<\/code> in Python?
            A:<\/strong> sort()<\/code> modifies the list in place, while sorted()<\/code> returns a new sorted list.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. Q:<\/strong> How do you create a virtual environment in Python?
            A:<\/strong> Using venv<\/code>, e.g., python -m venv env_name<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. Q:<\/strong> What is the use of super()<\/code> in Python?
            A:<\/strong> It is used to call a method from a parent class.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          4. Q:<\/strong> What is the purpose of the zip()<\/code> function in Python?
            A:<\/strong> It combines two or more iterables into tuples.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          5. Q:<\/strong> How do you create a view in MySQL?
            A:<\/strong> Using CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT ...<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          6. Q:<\/strong> What is a self-join in SQL?
            A:<\/strong> A table joining with itself.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          7. Q:<\/strong> What is subnetting in networking?
            A:<\/strong> Dividing a network into smaller subnetworks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          8. Q:<\/strong> What is an IP conflict?
            A:<\/strong> When two devices have the same IP address on a network.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          9. Q:<\/strong> Explain the concept of port numbers.
            A:<\/strong> Port numbers identify specific processes or services on a network.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          10. Q:<\/strong> What is a proxy server?
            A:<\/strong> It acts as an intermediary between a client and the internet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          11. Q:<\/strong> What are cookies in web technology?
            A:<\/strong> Small data files stored on a user\u2019s device by websites.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          12. Q:<\/strong> What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption?
            A:<\/strong> Symmetric uses one key for encryption and decryption; asymmetric uses a key pair.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          13. Q:<\/strong> Define data encapsulation in networking.
            A:<\/strong> Wrapping data with protocol information at each layer of the OSI model.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          14. Q:<\/strong> What is the purpose of a gateway in a network?
            A:<\/strong> It connects different networks and translates protocols.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          15. Q:<\/strong> How does two-factor authentication work?
            A:<\/strong> It combines two verification methods, like a password and an OTP.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          16. Q:<\/strong> What is the purpose of a data dictionary in a database?
            A:<\/strong> It stores metadata about the database structure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          17. Q:<\/strong> What is an ER diagram?
            A:<\/strong> A visual representation of entities and relationships in a database.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          18. Q:<\/strong> What is the difference between HAVING<\/code> and WHERE<\/code> in SQL?
            A:<\/strong> HAVING<\/code> filters grouped data; WHERE<\/code> filters rows before grouping.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          19. Q:<\/strong> What is latency in networking?
            A:<\/strong> The delay in data transfer from source to destination.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          20. Q:<\/strong> What is the importance of green computing?
            A:<\/strong> Reducing energy consumption and environmental impact of computing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          21. Q:<\/strong> Define multitasking in operating systems.
            A:<\/strong> Running multiple processes simultaneously.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          22. Q:<\/strong> What is steganography?
            A:<\/strong> Hiding data within other non-secret files or data.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          23. Q:<\/strong> Explain phishing attacks in cybersecurity.
            A:<\/strong> Fraudulent attempts to steal sensitive information through fake communications.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          24. Q:<\/strong> What is the purpose of MySQL\u2019s LIMIT<\/code> clause?
            A:<\/strong> Restricts the number of rows returned by a query.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          25. Q:<\/strong> What is a loopback address?
            A:<\/strong> An IP address (127.0.0.1) used for testing the local machine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          26. Q:<\/strong> Define bandwidth in networking.
            A:<\/strong> The maximum data transfer rate of a network.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          27. Q:<\/strong> What is the function of the ARP protocol?
            A:<\/strong> Resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          28. Q:<\/strong> What are the risks of open Wi-Fi networks?
            A:<\/strong> Data theft, man-in-the-middle attacks, and unauthorized access.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          29. Q:<\/strong> What is SQL injection?
            A:<\/strong> A code injection attack exploiting database vulnerabilities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          30. Q:<\/strong> How does SSL\/TLS secure data transmission?
            A:<\/strong> By encrypting data between a client and server.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          31. Q:<\/strong> What is cloud computing?
            A:<\/strong> Delivery of computing services over the internet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          32. Q:<\/strong> Define biometrics in security.
            A:<\/strong> Authentication using physical traits like fingerprints or retina scans.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          33. Q:<\/strong> What is the function of a packet sniffer?
            A:<\/strong> Captures and analyzes network traffic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          34. Q:<\/strong> How does a VPN work?
            A:<\/strong> Creates a secure, encrypted connection over a public network.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          35. Q:<\/strong> What is ransomware?
            A:<\/strong> Malicious software that encrypts data until a ransom is paid.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          36. Q:<\/strong> What are ethical hacking and penetration testing?
            A:<\/strong> Practices to identify and fix security vulnerabilities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          37. Q:<\/strong> Define digital signature.
            A:<\/strong> Electronic signature ensuring the authenticity of a message or document.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          38. Q:<\/strong> What is hashing in cryptography?
            A:<\/strong> Converting data into a fixed-size string, often used for verification.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          39. Q:<\/strong> What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
            A:<\/strong> A network of interconnected devices that communicate over the internet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          40. Q:<\/strong> How can individuals ensure online privacy?
            A:<\/strong> By using strong passwords, enabling encryption, and avoiding suspicious links.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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