Category: Business Studies

  • Essential Unit-Wise MCQs with Answers for CBSE Class 12th Business Studies

    Essential Unit-Wise MCQs with Answers for CBSE Class 12th Business Studies

    Unit 1: Nature and Purpose of Business

    MCQs

    1. Business activities are primarily divided into:
      a) Economic and non-economic activities
      b) Trade and commerce
      c) Profit-making and non-profit-making activities
      d) Primary and secondary industries
      Answer: a) Economic and non-economic activities
    2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of business?
      a) Profit motive
      b) Risk involvement
      c) Manufacturing only
      d) Economic activity
      Answer: c) Manufacturing only
    3. The primary objective of a business is:
      a) Gaining monopoly
      b) Maximizing profits
      c) Serving society
      d) Employee satisfaction
      Answer: b) Maximizing profits
    4. Which is an example of an economic activity?
      a) Playing for leisure
      b) Teaching in a school for salary
      c) Cooking for family
      d) Volunteering at a charity
      Answer: b) Teaching in a school for salary
    5. A person who runs a business for profit is called:
      a) An employee
      b) An entrepreneur
      c) A consumer
      d) A trader
      Answer: b) An entrepreneur
    6. Which of the following is a feature of commerce?
      a) Manufacturing goods
      b) Risk-free operations
      c) Exchange of goods and services
      d) Agricultural activity
      Answer: c) Exchange of goods and services
    7. Commerce is divided into:
      a) Primary and secondary sectors
      b) Internal and external trade
      c) Industry and business services
      d) Banking and manufacturing
      Answer: b) Internal and external trade
    8. Internal trade includes:
      a) Import and export
      b) Wholesale and retail trade
      c) Manufacturing and distribution
      d) Banking and insurance
      Answer: b) Wholesale and retail trade
    9. Which of the following is an auxiliary to trade?
      a) Manufacturing
      b) Farming
      c) Insurance
      d) Construction
      Answer: c) Insurance
    10. The primary industry involves:
      a) Mining and quarrying
      b) Manufacturing steel
      c) Selling groceries
      d) Providing IT services
      Answer: a) Mining and quarrying
    11. Which of these is NOT a type of trade?
      a) Wholesale
      b) Retail
      c) Manufacturing
      d) External trade
      Answer: c) Manufacturing
    12. Business activities include:
      a) Providing goods and services to satisfy human needs
      b) Always working for charity
      c) Involvement in criminal activities
      d) None of the above
      Answer: a) Providing goods and services to satisfy human needs
    13. What differentiates business from profession and employment?
      a) Higher income
      b) Ownership and profit motive
      c) Regular work hours
      d) Lack of risk
      Answer: b) Ownership and profit motive
    14. Business risks arise due to:
      a) Certainty of profit
      b) Factors beyond control
      c) Government guarantees
      d) Fixed demand
      Answer: b) Factors beyond control
    15. “Auxiliaries to trade” include all EXCEPT:
      a) Insurance
      b) Transportation
      c) Manufacturing
      d) Warehousing
      Answer: c) Manufacturing
    16. The primary objective of a business is to:
      a) Help the environment
      b) Create employment
      c) Make profit
      d) Provide free goods
      Answer: c) Make profit
    17. Commerce can be broadly classified into:
      a) Production and consumption
      b) Banking and warehousing
      c) Trade and auxiliaries to trade
      d) Goods and services
      Answer: c) Trade and auxiliaries to trade
    18. Business ethics is related to:
      a) Maximizing profits at all costs
      b) Maintaining honesty and fairness in business
      c) Avoiding risk altogether
      d) Providing cheap products to consumers
      Answer: b) Maintaining honesty and fairness in business
    19. Risk is an essential characteristic of business because:
      a) It ensures consistent profit
      b) It involves uncertainty
      c) It eliminates competition
      d) It guarantees success
      Answer: b) It involves uncertainty
    20. The role of profit in business includes:
      a) Indicating efficiency of operations
      b) Serving as a measure of wealth
      c) Encouraging unethical practices
      d) Ensuring customer satisfaction
      Answer: a) Indicating efficiency of operations

    Unit 2: Forms of Business Organizations


    MCQs

    1. The simplest and most common form of business organization is:
      a) Partnership
      b) Sole proprietorship
      c) Cooperative society
      d) Company
      Answer: b) Sole proprietorship
    2. The main feature of a sole proprietorship is:
      a) Limited liability
      b) Single ownership
      c) Separate legal identity
      d) Perpetual existence
      Answer: b) Single ownership
    3. What is a major limitation of sole proprietorship?
      a) Lack of direct control
      b) Complex decision-making process
      c) Limited capital
      d) Heavy government regulations
      Answer: c) Limited capital
    4. A partnership is formed by:
      a) Written agreement only
      b) Oral or written agreement
      c) Government authorization
      d) Automatic consent
      Answer: b) Oral or written agreement
    5. The minimum number of partners required to form a partnership is:
      a) 1
      b) 2
      c) 5
      d) 7
      Answer: b) 2
    6. In a partnership, the liability of partners is:
      a) Limited to their investment
      b) Unlimited
      c) Limited for active partners only
      d) Limited for sleeping partners only
      Answer: b) Unlimited
    7. A partnership registered under the Indian Partnership Act is:
      a) A private company
      b) A public limited company
      c) A legal entity
      d) Not a separate legal entity
      Answer: d) Not a separate legal entity
    8. Which type of partnership is formed for a specific purpose or time?
      a) Active partnership
      b) General partnership
      c) Limited liability partnership
      d) Particular partnership
      Answer: d) Particular partnership
    9. A dormant partner is also known as:
      a) Active partner
      b) Nominal partner
      c) Sleeping partner
      d) Secret partner
      Answer: c) Sleeping partner
    10. The Hindu Undivided Family business is governed by:
      a) Hindu Marriage Act
      b) Hindu Succession Act
      c) Indian Companies Act
      d) Indian Partnership Act
      Answer: b) Hindu Succession Act
    11. The person managing the Hindu Undivided Family business is called:
      a) Managing Director
      b) Proprietor
      c) Karta
      d) Trustee
      Answer: c) Karta
    12. Cooperative societies are based on the principle of:
      a) Profit maximization
      b) Voluntary association and service
      c) Private ownership
      d) Individual decision-making
      Answer: b) Voluntary association and service
    13. A cooperative society is required to be registered under:
      a) Companies Act
      b) Cooperative Societies Act
      c) Contract Act
      d) Partnership Act
      Answer: b) Cooperative Societies Act
    14. The liability of members in a cooperative society is:
      a) Unlimited
      b) Limited to their capital contribution
      c) Joint and several
      d) None of the above
      Answer: b) Limited to their capital contribution
    15. A private company must have a minimum of:
      a) 2 members
      b) 5 members
      c) 7 members
      d) 50 members
      Answer: a) 2 members
    16. The maximum number of members in a private company is:
      a) 20
      b) 50
      c) 100
      d) 200
      Answer: d) 200
    17. A company that has a single owner and acts as a legal entity is called:
      a) Public company
      b) Private company
      c) One Person Company
      d) Partnership firm
      Answer: c) One Person Company
    18. The process of forming a company does NOT include:
      a) Promotion
      b) Registration
      c) Memorandum of Association
      d) Partnership deed
      Answer: d) Partnership deed
    19. Which document defines the scope of a company’s operations?
      a) Articles of Association
      b) Memorandum of Association
      c) Prospectus
      d) Share certificate
      Answer: b) Memorandum of Association
    20. The choice of business organization depends on factors such as:
      a) Market size only
      b) Capital requirements and risk involvement
      c) Government rules only
      d) The number of employees
      Answer: b) Capital requirements and risk involvement

    Unit 3: Public, Private, and Global Enterprises


    MCQs

    1. A public sector enterprise is owned by:
      a) Private individuals
      b) State or Central Government
      c) Foreign investors
      d) Partnership firms
      Answer: b) State or Central Government
    2. Which of the following is NOT a feature of a public sector enterprise?
      a) Government ownership
      b) Profit-oriented motive
      c) Public accountability
      d) Service motive
      Answer: b) Profit-oriented motive
    3. The main objective of private sector enterprises is:
      a) Providing public services
      b) Profit maximization
      c) Reducing inequality
      d) Promoting social welfare
      Answer: b) Profit maximization
    4. The key characteristic of a departmental undertaking is:
      a) Autonomy in decision-making
      b) Owned and managed by a ministry
      c) Limited government control
      d) Existence as a separate legal entity
      Answer: b) Owned and managed by a ministry
    5. Which of the following is an example of a departmental undertaking?
      a) Indian Railways
      b) ONGC
      c) Life Insurance Corporation (LIC)
      d) Tata Steel
      Answer: a) Indian Railways
    6. A statutory corporation is established under:
      a) Company law
      b) A special act of Parliament or State Legislature
      c) The Partnership Act
      d) Cooperative Societies Act
      Answer: b) A special act of Parliament or State Legislature
    7. Which of the following is a statutory corporation?
      a) Indian Oil Corporation
      b) State Bank of India
      c) Air India
      d) Reserve Bank of India
      Answer: d) Reserve Bank of India
    8. A government company is defined under:
      a) Companies Act, 2013
      b) Partnership Act, 1932
      c) Contract Act, 1872
      d) Cooperative Societies Act, 1912
      Answer: a) Companies Act, 2013
    9. The minimum government shareholding in a government company is:
      a) 25%
      b) 50%
      c) 51%
      d) 75%
      Answer: c) 51%
    10. The main feature of a global enterprise is:
      a) Limited geographical presence
      b) Operating in multiple countries
      c) Sole ownership by the government
      d) Focusing only on local markets
      Answer: b) Operating in multiple countries
    11. Which of the following is NOT a feature of global enterprises?
      a) Huge capital investment
      b) Centralized management
      c) Use of advanced technology
      d) Restricted to one country
      Answer: d) Restricted to one country
    12. Which of the following is an example of a global enterprise?
      a) Infosys
      b) Apple Inc.
      c) SBI
      d) Dabur
      Answer: b) Apple Inc.
    13. A joint venture is formed when:
      a) One company acquires another
      b) Two or more companies collaborate for a common goal
      c) A company goes public
      d) An enterprise is run solely by the government
      Answer: b) Two or more companies collaborate for a common goal
    14. Which of these is NOT an advantage of a joint venture?
      a) Sharing of resources
      b) Limited risk
      c) Full control by one partner
      d) Access to new markets
      Answer: c) Full control by one partner
    15. Public-Private Partnership (PPP) aims to:
      a) Reduce private sector involvement in infrastructure
      b) Increase public sector monopoly
      c) Provide better services through shared responsibilities
      d) Eliminate government participation in businesses
      Answer: c) Provide better services through shared responsibilities
    16. Which of the following is a key feature of a Public-Private Partnership?
      a) Complete private ownership
      b) Risk-sharing between public and private sectors
      c) No involvement of private investment
      d) Sole focus on profits
      Answer: b) Risk-sharing between public and private sectors
    17. A drawback of public sector enterprises is:
      a) Low social accountability
      b) High operational efficiency
      c) Bureaucratic interference
      d) Lack of infrastructure
      Answer: c) Bureaucratic interference
    18. Which of the following is NOT a public sector objective?
      a) Providing essential services
      b) Generating employment
      c) Ensuring regional balance
      d) Maximizing profits
      Answer: d) Maximizing profits
    19. The private sector plays a key role in:
      a) Providing free public services
      b) Driving innovation and competition
      c) Enforcing government policies
      d) Ensuring social welfare
      Answer: b) Driving innovation and competition
    20. Public sector enterprises are criticized for:
      a) Efficient management
      b) Quick decision-making
      c) Red tape and inefficiency
      d) Generating high profits
      Answer: c) Red tape and inefficiency

    Unit 4: Business Services


    MCQs

    1. Business services primarily deal with:
      a) Manufacturing products
      b) Providing support and facilities to businesses
      c) Agricultural activities
      d) Mining and extraction
      Answer: b) Providing support and facilities to businesses
    2. Which of the following is NOT a type of business service?
      a) Banking
      b) Warehousing
      c) Insurance
      d) Farming
      Answer: d) Farming
    3. Which of the following is a feature of business services?
      a) Tangibility
      b) Inseparability
      c) Ownership transfer
      d) Homogeneity
      Answer: b) Inseparability
    4. The main role of banking services is to:
      a) Manufacture goods
      b) Facilitate trade and commerce
      c) Provide farming tools
      d) Manage transportation
      Answer: b) Facilitate trade and commerce
    5. Which type of bank account is most suitable for frequent transactions?
      a) Fixed deposit account
      b) Recurring deposit account
      c) Current account
      d) Savings account
      Answer: c) Current account
    6. A recurring deposit account is primarily used for:
      a) Daily transactions
      b) Large deposits
      c) Saving fixed amounts periodically
      d) Obtaining loans
      Answer: c) Saving fixed amounts periodically
    7. Which of the following is an advantage of e-banking?
      a) Manual banking processes
      b) Limited accessibility
      c) 24/7 service availability
      d) High operational cost
      Answer: c) 24/7 service availability
    8. What is a key feature of insurance services?
      a) Transfer of risk
      b) Guaranteed profit
      c) Risk creation
      d) Ownership transfer
      Answer: a) Transfer of risk
    9. Which of the following is NOT a principle of insurance?
      a) Utmost good faith
      b) Insurable interest
      c) Doctrine of indemnity
      d) Unlimited liability
      Answer: d) Unlimited liability
    10. The principle of indemnity applies to:
      a) Life insurance
      b) Marine insurance
      c) Fire and general insurance
      d) All types of insurance
      Answer: c) Fire and general insurance
    11. Marine insurance covers:
      a) Risks related to air transport
      b) Risks related to sea transport
      c) Risks related to agriculture
      d) Risks related to factories
      Answer: b) Risks related to sea transport
    12. The principle of utmost good faith in insurance means:
      a) Insurer can hide important details
      b) Policyholders must disclose all relevant information
      c) Risk is borne only by the insurer
      d) Premium is fixed arbitrarily
      Answer: b) Policyholders must disclose all relevant information
    13. Postal services include:
      a) Manufacturing goods
      b) Registered post and speed post services
      c) Providing bank loans
      d) Offering insurance policies
      Answer: b) Registered post and speed post services
    14. Which of the following is NOT a type of digital payment?
      a) UPI
      b) Debit card
      c) Fixed deposit
      d) Mobile wallets
      Answer: c) Fixed deposit
    15. Warehousing provides which type of utility?
      a) Form utility
      b) Place utility
      c) Time utility
      d) Ownership utility
      Answer: c) Time utility
    16. A cash credit facility is provided by banks for:
      a) Fixed deposits
      b) Short-term working capital needs
      c) Personal loans
      d) Long-term investments
      Answer: b) Short-term working capital needs
    17. Which of these is NOT a type of insurance?
      a) Life insurance
      b) Health insurance
      c) Product insurance
      d) Fire insurance
      Answer: c) Product insurance
    18. E-banking involves:
      a) Use of digital platforms for banking services
      b) Manual handling of cash transactions
      c) Paper-based transaction methods
      d) Banking without any technology
      Answer: a) Use of digital platforms for banking services
    19. Business services are crucial for:
      a) Production of goods only
      b) Facilitating trade and commerce
      c) Employing labor directly
      d) Limiting business risks
      Answer: b) Facilitating trade and commerce
    20. A key role of transportation in business services is to:
      a) Store goods
      b) Reduce demand
      c) Deliver goods to the market
      d) Manufacture products
      Answer: c) Deliver goods to the market

    Unit 5: Emerging Modes of Business


    MCQs

    1. E-business refers to:
      a) Traditional business methods
      b) Conducting business using the internet and digital platforms
      c) Manufacturing electronic products
      d) Using physical stores for sales
      Answer: b) Conducting business using the internet and digital platforms
    2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of e-business?
      a) Global reach
      b) Reduced transaction cost
      c) Limited to local markets
      d) Convenience
      Answer: c) Limited to local markets
    3. The primary advantage of e-business is:
      a) Higher operational costs
      b) Limited customer access
      c) Increased convenience for customers
      d) Dependency on physical infrastructure
      Answer: c) Increased convenience for customers
    4. Which of the following is an example of e-business?
      a) Retail store sales
      b) Online shopping platforms
      c) Factory production
      d) Paper-based inventory management
      Answer: b) Online shopping platforms
    5. B2C (Business-to-Consumer) transactions are exemplified by:
      a) A wholesaler selling to retailers
      b) A manufacturer selling directly to consumers online
      c) Two companies collaborating
      d) A supplier providing raw materials to a factory
      Answer: b) A manufacturer selling directly to consumers online
    6. B2B (Business-to-Business) e-commerce involves:
      a) Selling products to end consumers
      b) Transactions between two businesses
      c) Government-to-business interactions
      d) Employee-to-business transactions
      Answer: b) Transactions between two businesses
    7. Which of the following is NOT an example of digital payment?
      a) UPI
      b) Credit card
      c) Cash on delivery
      d) Mobile wallets
      Answer: c) Cash on delivery
    8. E-procurement involves:
      a) Online purchasing of goods and services by businesses
      b) Manual ordering of supplies
      c) Delivering goods physically to customers
      d) Cash transactions at a retail store
      Answer: a) Online purchasing of goods and services by businesses
    9. What does e-tailing refer to?
      a) Online retailing of goods and services
      b) Selling through physical stores
      c) Import and export of goods
      d) Wholesale business operations
      Answer: a) Online retailing of goods and services
    10. Which of the following is a limitation of e-business?
      a) Limited market reach
      b) High cost of digital transactions
      c) Dependency on technology and internet connectivity
      d) Lack of flexibility
      Answer: c) Dependency on technology and internet connectivity
    11. Which of the following is an ethical concern in e-business?
      a) Increased competition
      b) Privacy and data security issues
      c) Faster delivery of goods
      d) Lower operational costs
      Answer: b) Privacy and data security issues
    12. A payment gateway is:
      a) A bank providing loans
      b) A service that facilitates online payments between buyers and sellers
      c) A physical transaction method
      d) A form of digital currency
      Answer: b) A service that facilitates online payments between buyers and sellers
    13. E-business helps reduce operational costs by:
      a) Increasing the number of physical stores
      b) Eliminating intermediaries and paper-based processes
      c) Increasing inventory size
      d) Decreasing the quality of products
      Answer: b) Eliminating intermediaries and paper-based processes
    14. A key feature of e-business is:
      a) Limited operational hours
      b) High dependency on cash
      c) 24/7 availability
      d) Localized sales
      Answer: c) 24/7 availability
    15. M-commerce refers to:
      a) E-commerce conducted using mobile devices
      b) Manufacturing commerce products
      c) Manual commerce processes
      d) Government regulations for businesses
      Answer: a) E-commerce conducted using mobile devices
    16. Which of the following is a benefit of e-business?
      a) Time constraints
      b) Increased geographical reach
      c) Limited customer interaction
      d) High transaction cost
      Answer: b) Increased geographical reach
    17. C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer) e-commerce is best demonstrated by:
      a) A company selling directly to customers
      b) Customers selling products to other customers via online platforms
      c) Business-to-government transactions
      d) Large-scale wholesale operations
      Answer: b) Customers selling products to other customers via online platforms
    18. Which of the following is an example of outsourcing in e-business?
      a) Developing software in-house
      b) Hiring external IT services for website maintenance
      c) Building physical warehouses
      d) Delivering goods through personal vehicles
      Answer: b) Hiring external IT services for website maintenance
    19. E-business eliminates the need for:
      a) Internet services
      b) Physical infrastructure for storing data
      c) Face-to-face interaction in transactions
      d) Technology investment
      Answer: c) Face-to-face interaction in transactions
    20. E-business differs from traditional business in terms of:
      a) Focus on physical stores
      b) Dependency on paper-based processes
      c) Utilization of electronic and online channels
      d) Limited customer reach
      Answer: c) Utilization of electronic and online channels

    Unit 6: Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics


    MCQs

    1. Social responsibility in business refers to:
      a) Maximizing profits at all costs
      b) Legal and ethical obligations towards society
      c) Increasing production only
      d) Avoiding government regulations
      Answer: b) Legal and ethical obligations towards society
    2. Which of the following is NOT a reason for businesses to adopt social responsibility?
      a) Social expectations
      b) Profit maximization
      c) Ethical obligations
      d) Sustainability concerns
      Answer: b) Profit maximization
    3. Businesses are expected to protect the environment by:
      a) Increasing industrial pollution
      b) Implementing eco-friendly practices
      c) Ignoring environmental laws
      d) Reducing costs at the expense of nature
      Answer: b) Implementing eco-friendly practices
    4. Social responsibility towards employees includes:
      a) Increasing working hours without benefits
      b) Providing fair wages and safe working conditions
      c) Exploiting their labor for higher profits
      d) Reducing wages to minimize costs
      Answer: b) Providing fair wages and safe working conditions
    5. A business shows responsibility towards consumers by:
      a) Misleading advertisements
      b) Ensuring the quality and safety of products
      c) Exploiting customers for profit
      d) Ignoring customer complaints
      Answer: b) Ensuring the quality and safety of products
    6. Responsibility towards the government involves:
      a) Evading taxes
      b) Following laws and paying taxes regularly
      c) Avoiding regulations
      d) Reducing transparency
      Answer: b) Following laws and paying taxes regularly
    7. The primary role of business ethics is to:
      a) Maximize business profits
      b) Ensure fair and honest practices in business operations
      c) Reduce competition
      d) Promote unethical behavior
      Answer: b) Ensure fair and honest practices in business operations
    8. Which of the following is an element of business ethics?
      a) Cheating customers
      b) Transparency in operations
      c) Corruption
      d) Tax evasion
      Answer: b) Transparency in operations
    9. Businesses should prioritize social responsibility to:
      a) Gain public trust and support
      b) Reduce operational costs
      c) Avoid paying taxes
      d) Eliminate competitors
      Answer: a) Gain public trust and support
    10. Social responsibility towards the community includes:
      a) Generating employment opportunities
      b) Ignoring local issues
      c) Polluting the environment
      d) Avoiding social welfare activities
      Answer: a) Generating employment opportunities
    11. A business is fulfilling its ethical responsibility when it:
      a) Produces low-quality goods
      b) Reduces prices through unethical means
      c) Adheres to fair trade practices
      d) Engages in false advertising
      Answer: c) Adheres to fair trade practices
    12. Business ethics is based on:
      a) Profit-only motives
      b) Legal obligations and moral principles
      c) Avoiding transparency
      d) Exploiting natural resources
      Answer: b) Legal obligations and moral principles
    13. Which of the following groups is NOT a focus of business responsibility?
      a) Consumers
      b) Competitors
      c) Employees
      d) Investors
      Answer: b) Competitors
    14. Ethical business practices benefit the organization by:
      a) Reducing trust among stakeholders
      b) Enhancing the company’s reputation
      c) Decreasing employee satisfaction
      d) Increasing corruption
      Answer: b) Enhancing the company’s reputation
    15. Environmental protection as a responsibility of business includes:
      a) Increasing carbon emissions
      b) Promoting renewable energy use
      c) Avoiding waste management practices
      d) Ignoring climate change
      Answer: b) Promoting renewable energy use
    16. Social responsibility towards investors includes:
      a) Hiding financial information
      b) Providing accurate and transparent financial reports
      c) Avoiding dividend payments
      d) Misusing investor funds
      Answer: b) Providing accurate and transparent financial reports
    17. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of fulfilling social responsibility?
      a) Enhanced brand image
      b) Increased consumer loyalty
      c) Higher costs due to ethical practices
      d) Better employee retention
      Answer: c) Higher costs due to ethical practices
    18. Ethical businesses ensure their activities:
      a) Exploit customers
      b) Harm the environment
      c) Benefit society and stakeholders
      d) Are profit-driven only
      Answer: c) Benefit society and stakeholders
    19. Social responsibility helps businesses in:
      a) Ignoring public concerns
      b) Strengthening community relations
      c) Reducing market competition
      d) Avoiding ethical concerns
      Answer: b) Strengthening community relations
    20. The ultimate goal of social responsibility and ethics in business is to:
      a) Maximize short-term profits
      b) Promote sustainable growth and social welfare
      c) Exploit natural and human resources
      d) Ignore stakeholder interests
      Answer: b) Promote sustainable growth and social welfare

    Unit 7: Sources of Business Finance


    MCQs

    1. Business finance refers to:
      a) Managing business operations
      b) Funds required for carrying out business activities
      c) Creating new business ideas
      d) Developing production techniques
      Answer: b) Funds required for carrying out business activities
    2. The capital contributed by owners in a business is called:
      a) Borrowed funds
      b) Retained earnings
      c) Owner’s funds
      d) Trade credit
      Answer: c) Owner’s funds
    3. Borrowed funds refer to:
      a) Funds raised from the public
      b) Funds obtained from external sources with an obligation to repay
      c) Equity capital
      d) Capital invested by promoters
      Answer: b) Funds obtained from external sources with an obligation to repay
    4. Which of the following is NOT an example of owner’s funds?
      a) Equity shares
      b) Preference shares
      c) Retained earnings
      d) Bank loans
      Answer: d) Bank loans
    5. Debentures represent:
      a) Ownership capital
      b) Borrowed capital
      c) Reserves of the company
      d) Working capital
      Answer: b) Borrowed capital
    6. Which of the following is a feature of equity shares?
      a) Fixed rate of dividend
      b) Voting rights
      c) Redeemable after a fixed period
      d) Priority in repayment during liquidation
      Answer: b) Voting rights
    7. Preference shares are called so because:
      a) They are issued to preferred customers
      b) They get preference in dividend payment and repayment during liquidation
      c) They are always non-redeemable
      d) They have the highest risk
      Answer: b) They get preference in dividend payment and repayment during liquidation
    8. Retained earnings refer to:
      a) Dividends paid to shareholders
      b) Profits reinvested in the business
      c) Funds borrowed from banks
      d) Cash held for emergencies
      Answer: b) Profits reinvested in the business
    9. Which of the following is NOT a source of borrowed funds?
      a) Debentures
      b) Public deposits
      c) Loans from financial institutions
      d) Equity shares
      Answer: d) Equity shares
    10. Trade credit is typically used for:
      a) Long-term investments
      b) Purchasing goods on credit from suppliers
      c) Paying dividends
      d) Buying fixed assets
      Answer: b) Purchasing goods on credit from suppliers
    11. Public deposits are:
      a) Deposits made by the government
      b) Loans raised from the general public by businesses
      c) Capital invested by shareholders
      d) Short-term funds provided by financial institutions
      Answer: b) Loans raised from the general public by businesses
    12. A loan provided by a financial institution is categorized as:
      a) Owner’s funds
      b) Borrowed funds
      c) Retained earnings
      d) Trade credit
      Answer: b) Borrowed funds
    13. Inter-Corporate Deposits (ICDs) are:
      a) Loans extended by one company to another
      b) Deposits made by customers in banks
      c) Deposits held in savings accounts
      d) Government grants to businesses
      Answer: a) Loans extended by one company to another
    14. What is the major advantage of equity shares?
      a) Fixed dividends
      b) Voting rights for shareholders
      c) Priority in repayment
      d) Tax exemption
      Answer: b) Voting rights for shareholders
    15. The interest on debentures is:
      a) Paid only in profitable years
      b) Compulsory, regardless of profits
      c) Decided by shareholders
      d) Not mandatory
      Answer: b) Compulsory, regardless of profits
    16. Which of the following is a long-term source of finance?
      a) Commercial paper
      b) Bank overdraft
      c) Equity shares
      d) Trade credit
      Answer: c) Equity shares
    17. Public deposits are more suitable for:
      a) Large-scale industries requiring short-term funds
      b) Small businesses with minimal capital requirements
      c) Non-profit organizations
      d) Private loans for individuals
      Answer: a) Large-scale industries requiring short-term funds
    18. Borrowed funds typically carry:
      a) Voting rights
      b) Obligation to pay interest
      c) No repayment obligation
      d) Higher dividends
      Answer: b) Obligation to pay interest
    19. The primary benefit of retained earnings is:
      a) No obligation to repay or pay interest
      b) High costs of procurement
      c) Reduction in ownership capital
      d) Fixed rate of return
      Answer: a) No obligation to repay or pay interest
    20. Which of the following factors influences the choice of a financing source?
      a) Cost of funds
      b) Nature of the business
      c) Risk involved
      d) All of the above
      Answer: d) All of the above

    Remaining Units will be add soon..keep checking this page

  • 100 Quick Revision Questions and Answers for CBSE Class 12th Business Studies (2024-25)

    100 Quick Revision Questions and Answers for CBSE Class 12th Business Studies (2024-25)

    Preparing for your CBSE Class 12th Business Studies exam? Here’s a comprehensive set of 100 quick revision questions and answers covering key topics from your syllabus, including Principles of Management, Business Environment, Financial Management, Marketing, Consumer Protection, and more.


    1. Nature and Significance of Management

    1. What is management?
      Management is the process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively.
    2. Define effectiveness in management.
      Effectiveness means achieving organizational goals successfully within the desired timeframe.
    3. Why is management called a process?
      Management is called a process because it involves a series of interrelated functions.
    4. What are the three levels of management?
      Top-level, middle-level, and lower-level management.
    5. What is the importance of coordination in management?
      Coordination ensures synchronization of efforts across departments to achieve common goals.
    6. What are the objectives of management?
      Management objectives include organizational objectives, social objectives, and personal objectives.
    7. Explain the concept of ‘Efficiency’ in management.
      Efficiency refers to doing tasks correctly with minimum cost and resources.
    8. How does management ensure adaptability to the business environment?
      By planning and making necessary adjustments in organizational strategies.
    9. State the role of middle-level management.
      Middle-level management acts as a bridge between top-level management and operational staff.
    10. What is the significance of management in organizations?
      Management ensures effective utilization of resources, achieves goals, and maintains a competitive edge.

    2. Principles of Management

    1. Who introduced the principles of management?
      Henri Fayol introduced the principles of management.
    2. What is the principle of ‘Division of Work’?
      Specialization improves efficiency by dividing work into smaller tasks.
    3. Explain ‘Unity of Direction’.
      All activities with the same objective should be directed by one plan and one manager.
    4. What is ‘Authority and Responsibility’?
      Authority is the right to give orders, and responsibility is the obligation to perform tasks.
    5. State Fayol’s principle of ‘Equity’.
      Managers should treat employees fairly and with justice.
    6. What is the principle of ‘Order’?
      There should be a proper place for everything and everyone in the organization.
    7. Explain ‘Esprit de Corps’.
      It emphasizes team spirit and unity among employees.
    8. What does ‘Scalar Chain’ refer to?
      The chain of command from the highest to the lowest rank.
    9. Name any two techniques of scientific management.
      Time study and motion study.
    10. What is meant by ‘Functional Foremanship’?
      It is a technique where different specialists supervise different aspects of work.

    3. Business Environment

    1. What is a business environment?
      It refers to external and internal factors that influence business operations.
    2. List the dimensions of the business environment.
      Economic, social, technological, political, and legal.
    3. Explain ‘Economic Environment’.
      It includes factors like interest rates, inflation, GDP, and economic policies.
    4. What is ‘Demonetization’?
      It refers to the withdrawal of legal tender status of currency notes.
    5. How does technology impact the business environment?
      It introduces innovation, improves efficiency, and influences competition.
    6. What are the features of a dynamic business environment?
      Uncertainty, complexity, and interrelatedness.
    7. What is the importance of a business environment?
      It helps businesses adapt, innovate, and achieve growth.
    8. What is the social environment?
      It includes societal norms, values, and cultural aspects.
    9. Define ‘Legal Environment’.
      It consists of laws, regulations, and legal norms that affect business operations.
    10. Why is understanding the political environment important for businesses?
      It helps businesses anticipate changes in government policies.

    4. Planning

    1. What is planning?
      Planning is the process of setting objectives and determining the best course of action to achieve them.
    2. Why is planning important?
      It provides direction, reduces risks, and ensures efficient use of resources.
    3. List the steps involved in the planning process.
      Setting objectives, developing premises, identifying alternatives, and selecting the best alternative.
    4. What are single-use plans?
      Plans formulated for one-time activities or projects.
    5. What are standing plans?
      Ongoing plans used for recurring activities.
    6. Explain the concept of ‘Policy’ in planning.
      A policy is a general guideline for decision-making.
    7. What is a ‘Procedure’?
      A detailed series of steps to be followed for completing a specific task.
    8. What is meant by ‘Rule’?
      A rule is a specific statement that guides actions and behavior.
    9. What are the limitations of planning?
      It is time-consuming, costly, and may not be flexible.
    10. What is contingency planning?
      It is a backup plan prepared for unexpected situations.

    5. Financial Management

    1. Define financial management.
      It involves planning, organizing, and controlling financial resources.
    2. What are the objectives of financial management?
      Ensuring profitability, liquidity, and wealth maximization.
    3. What are the three financial decisions?
      Investment decisions, financing decisions, and dividend decisions.
    4. Explain ‘Capital Structure’.
      It refers to the mix of debt and equity in a company’s financing.
    5. What is working capital?
      The capital required for day-to-day operations.
    6. List factors affecting fixed capital requirements.
      Nature of business, scale of operations, and technology.
    7. What is ‘Financial Planning’?
      It ensures that the right amount of funds is available at the right time.
    8. What is meant by ‘Dividend Decision’?
      It involves deciding the portion of profit to be distributed as dividends.
    9. What are the sources of long-term finance?
      Equity shares, preference shares, and debentures.
    10. What is the importance of financial management?
      It ensures optimal utilization of financial resources.

    6. Marketing

    1. Define marketing.
      Marketing involves promoting and selling products or services to meet customer needs.
    2. What are the elements of the marketing mix?
      Product, price, place, and promotion.
    3. What is branding?
      Branding involves creating a unique identity for a product.
    4. What is the role of packaging in marketing?
      It protects the product and attracts customers.
    5. What are the components of physical distribution?
      Transportation, warehousing, inventory management, and order processing.
    6. What is advertising?
      Advertising is a non-personal form of communication used to promote products.
    7. Explain personal selling.
      It involves face-to-face interaction to persuade customers.
    8. What is sales promotion?
      Short-term incentives to boost sales.
    9. What is meant by public relations?
      Building a positive image of the company and maintaining good relations with stakeholders.
    10. What is a product lifecycle?
      The stages a product goes through: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline.

    7. Consumer Protection

    1. What is consumer protection?
      It refers to safeguarding consumers’ rights and interests.
    2. List any three consumer rights.
      Right to safety, right to information, and right to redress.
    3. Who is a consumer?
      A person who buys goods or services for personal use.
    4. What is the Consumer Protection Act, 2019?
      A law aimed at protecting consumer interests and resolving disputes.
    5. What are the responsibilities of consumers?
      Being aware, demanding a bill, and following environmental norms.
    6. What is the role of consumer organizations?
      They create awareness and assist consumers in resolving grievances.
    7. What is meant by redressal machinery?
      Bodies established to resolve consumer disputes.
    8. Name the three-tier redressal mechanism under the Consumer Protection Act.
      District Forum, State Commission, and National Commission.
    9. What are the remedies available to consumers?
      Refund, replacement, and compensation.
    10. What is the significance of consumer protection?
      It ensures fair trade practices and empowers consumers.

    8. Organizing

    1. What is organizing?
      Organizing is the process of arranging resources and tasks to achieve objectives.
    2. List the steps in the organizing process.
      Identifying activities, grouping activities, assigning duties, and establishing authority.
    3. What is functional structure?
      It groups employees based on functions like marketing, finance, and operations.
    4. What is divisional structure?
      It groups employees based on products, projects, or geography.
    5. What is the difference between formal and informal organization?
      A formal organization is officially structured, while an informal organization is based on personal relationships.
    6. What are the elements of delegation?
      Authority, responsibility, and accountability.
    7. What is decentralization?
      It is the systematic delegation of decision-making authority to lower levels of management.
    8. What are the advantages of decentralization?
      Faster decision-making, increased motivation, and reduced workload for top management.
    9. What is the importance of delegation?
      It enables better management, motivates employees, and ensures task completion.
    10. Differentiate between delegation and decentralization.
      Delegation refers to assigning tasks to subordinates, while decentralization involves distributing decision-making power.

    9. Staffing

    1. What is staffing?
      Staffing is the process of recruiting, selecting, and developing employees.
    2. Why is staffing important?
      It ensures that the right people are hired for the right jobs.
    3. What are the steps in the staffing process?
      Manpower planning, recruitment, selection, training, and development.
    4. What is internal recruitment?
      Filling positions with current employees through promotions or transfers.
    5. What is external recruitment?
      Hiring candidates from outside the organization.
    6. What is meant by training?
      Training is the process of improving an employee’s skills and knowledge for their current job.
    7. What are on-the-job training methods?
      Coaching, job rotation, and apprenticeship.
    8. What are off-the-job training methods?
      Lectures, seminars, and simulations.
    9. What is the difference between training and development?
      Training focuses on current job skills, while development focuses on future roles.
    10. What is performance appraisal?
      It is the evaluation of an employee’s performance to provide feedback and identify areas for improvement.

    10. Controlling

    1. What is controlling?
      Controlling is the process of monitoring and evaluating performance to ensure objectives are met.
    2. List the steps in the controlling process.
      Setting standards, measuring performance, comparing performance, and taking corrective actions.
    3. What is a budgetary control?
      A method of controlling activities through budgets.
    4. What is the relationship between planning and controlling?
      Planning sets the objectives, while controlling ensures they are achieved.
    5. What are the types of control?
      Strategic control, operational control, and financial control.
    6. What is management by exception?
      It focuses on significant deviations from the standard.
    7. What is feedback control?
      It involves evaluating performance after the task is completed.
    8. What is concurrent control?
      It monitors activities in real-time to make adjustments.
    9. What is preventive control?
      It focuses on identifying potential problems before they occur.
    10. Why is controlling important?
      It ensures efficiency, reduces risks, and helps achieve organizational objectives.

  • Important Questions for Class 12 Accountancy – Chapter wise

    Important Questions for Class 12 Accountancy – Chapter wise

    Introduction

    Final revision before exams can be daunting. To ease your journey, here are 50 concise questions with answers to help you cover key concepts in Class 12th Accountancy quickly and efficiently.


    Unit 1: Accounting for Partnership Firms

    1. What is a partnership deed?
    A legal document specifying the rights and duties of partners in a partnership.

    2. What happens if no partnership deed exists?
    Provisions of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 apply.

    3. Define goodwill.
    Goodwill is the reputation or premium value of a business.

    4. What is a sacrificing ratio?
    The ratio in which old partners surrender their share of profit in favor of a new partner.

    5. What is a revaluation account?
    An account used to record the revaluation of assets and liabilities during admission, retirement, or death of a partner.


    Unit 2: Accounting for Companies

    6. What are equity shares?
    Shares representing ownership of a company with voting rights.

    7. What is meant by authorized capital?
    The maximum capital a company is authorized to raise.

    8. Define ESOP.
    Employee Stock Option Plan allows employees to buy shares of the company at a predetermined price.

    9. What is the purpose of a Securities Premium Reserve?
    It is used for issuing bonus shares, writing off preliminary expenses, or premium on redemption of debentures.

    10. What is meant by redemption of debentures?
    Repayment of the amount borrowed through debentures.


    Unit 3: Analysis of Financial Statements

    11. What are financial statements?
    Statements that provide information about the financial performance and position of a business.

    12. What are comparative financial statements?
    Statements showing financial data of two or more years side by side for comparison.

    13. Define current ratio.
    Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities.

    14. What is a cash flow statement?
    A statement summarizing cash inflows and outflows from operating, investing, and financing activities.

    15. What is a proprietary ratio?
    Proprietary Ratio = Proprietor’s Funds / Total Assets.


    Unit 4: Cash Flow Statement

    16. Define cash equivalents.
    Short-term, highly liquid investments easily convertible into cash.

    17. What are the main activities classified in a cash flow statement?
    Operating, Investing, and Financing activities.

    18. How is depreciation treated in a cash flow statement?
    Added back to net profit in the operating activities section.

    19. What is the indirect method of cash flow preparation?
    Starts with net profit and adjusts for non-cash items and changes in working capital.

    20. Why is bank overdraft treated as a short-term borrowing?
    Because it is repayable on demand.


    Practical Problems

    21. Pass a journal entry for goods withdrawn by the proprietor worth ₹5,000 for personal use.
    Drawings A/c Dr. ₹5,000
    To Purchases A/c ₹5,000

    22. Rectify this error: Wages paid ₹10,000 recorded as Repairs.
    Repairs A/c Dr. ₹10,000
    To Wages A/c ₹10,000

    23. Calculate goodwill using the average profit method. Profits: ₹50,000, ₹60,000, ₹70,000. Goodwill = 2 years’ average profit.
    Goodwill = (₹50,000 + ₹60,000 + ₹70,000) ÷ 3 × 2 = ₹1,40,000

    24. Journalize: Machinery purchased for ₹1,00,000 with GST @18%.
    Machinery A/c Dr. ₹1,18,000
    Input GST A/c Dr. ₹18,000
    To Bank A/c ₹1,18,000

    25. What is the formula for Inventory Turnover Ratio?
    Inventory Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory.


    Additional Concepts

    26. What is accrued income?
    Income earned but not received.

    27. Define contingent liability.
    A liability that may or may not arise based on the outcome of an event.

    28. What are reserves?
    Profits retained in the business for future use.

    29. What is a suspense account?
    A temporary account used to rectify errors.

    30. Define depreciation.
    A systematic allocation of the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life.


    Revision Mix

    31. Name two liquidity ratios.
    Current Ratio, Quick Ratio.

    32. What is the purpose of a balance sheet?
    To show the financial position of a business.

    33. State two methods of calculating depreciation.
    Straight Line Method (SLM), Written Down Value Method (WDV).

    34. What is trade discount?
    A reduction in price offered to buyers for bulk purchases.

    35. What is the matching principle?
    Expenses should be recognized in the same period as the revenues they help to generate.


    Key Terms

    36. Define capital expenditure.
    Expenditure incurred to acquire or upgrade fixed assets.

    37. What is a liability?
    An obligation arising from past events, expected to result in an outflow of resources.

    38. What are deferred expenses?
    Expenses paid in advance but not yet incurred.

    39. What is working capital?
    Working Capital = Current Assets – Current Liabilities.

    40. What are intangible assets?
    Non-physical assets like goodwill, patents, and trademarks.


    Exam Boosters

    41. Name two solvency ratios.
    Debt to Equity Ratio, Interest Coverage Ratio.

    42. What is the format of a Trading Account?
    Debit: Opening Stock, Purchases, Direct Expenses.
    Credit: Sales, Closing Stock.

    43. What is abnormal loss?
    Loss arising from unexpected events like fire or theft.

    44. Define gross profit.
    Gross Profit = Sales – Cost of Goods Sold.

    45. What is profit and loss appropriation account?
    An account to distribute net profit among partners.


    Quick Facts

    46. Name one accounting standard in India.
    AS-26: Intangible Assets.

    47. What is marshalling?
    Grouping assets and liabilities in a particular order.

    48. Define internal reconstruction.
    Reorganizing a company’s financial structure without liquidating.

    49. What are the two bases of accounting?
    Cash Basis, Accrual Basis.

    50. What is book value?
    The value of an asset as per the books of accounts.


    Conclusion

    These 50 questions cover key concepts essential for Class 12th Accountancy exams. Keep practicing, stay confident, and ace your exams!

  • 50 Viva Questions and Answers for CBSE Class 12th Business Studies Practical Exam (2024-25)

    50 Viva Questions and Answers for CBSE Class 12th Business Studies Practical Exam (2024-25)

    Business Studies is an essential subject for Class 12 students, offering insights into the corporate world and managerial functions. The practical examination, an integral part of the CBSE curriculum, assesses not just theoretical knowledge but also the ability to apply concepts effectively. To help you excel in your viva, here’s a curated list of 50 commonly asked questions along with their answers.

    General Questions:

    1. What is Business Studies?
      • Business Studies is a field of study that deals with business organization, management, and operations.
    2. What are the objectives of studying Business Studies?
      • To develop business acumen, understand managerial concepts, and enhance decision-making skills.
    3. Define management.
      • Management is the process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals.
    4. Who is considered the ‘Father of Scientific Management’?
      • Frederick Winslow Taylor.
    5. What are the five functions of management?
      • Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.

    Questions on Principles of Management:

    1. What are management principles?
      • Fundamental truths that guide managerial decision-making and actions.
    2. Who proposed the 14 principles of management?
      • Henri Fayol.
    3. Name any three principles of management.
      • Division of work, authority and responsibility, and discipline.
    4. Explain the principle of unity of command.
      • An employee should receive orders from only one superior.
    5. What is Taylor’s concept of ‘Scientific Management’?
      • A systematic approach to improving efficiency by analyzing and standardizing work processes.

    Questions on Planning:

    1. What is planning?
      • Planning involves setting objectives and determining the best course of action to achieve them.
    2. What are the types of plans?
      • Strategic plans, tactical plans, and operational plans.
    3. Define objectives.
      • Objectives are specific results that an organization aims to achieve.
    4. What is the importance of planning?
      • Provides direction, reduces risks, facilitates decision-making, and promotes innovation.
    5. What is a policy?
      • A policy is a general guideline for decision-making within an organization.

    Questions on Organizing:

    1. What is organizing?
      • Organizing involves arranging resources and tasks to achieve objectives.
    2. Define organizational structure.
      • The framework within which tasks are divided, grouped, and coordinated.
    3. What are the types of organizational structures?
      • Functional, divisional, and matrix structures.
    4. What is the importance of delegation?
      • It helps in sharing the workload, develops subordinates, and facilitates better decision-making.
    5. What is decentralization?
      • Delegation of decision-making authority to lower levels in an organization.

    Questions on Staffing:

    1. What is staffing?
      • Staffing involves recruiting, selecting, training, and developing employees.
    2. What are the steps in the staffing process?
      • Manpower planning, recruitment, selection, training, and performance appraisal.
    3. What is recruitment?
      • Recruitment is the process of attracting potential candidates for a job.
    4. What are the sources of recruitment?
      • Internal (promotions, transfers) and external (advertisements, campus placements).
    5. What is the importance of training?
      • Enhances employee skills, increases productivity, and reduces errors.

    Questions on Directing:

    1. What is directing?
      • Directing involves guiding, motivating, and supervising employees to achieve organizational goals.
    2. What are the elements of directing?
      • Supervision, motivation, leadership, and communication.
    3. What is motivation?
      • Motivation is the process of stimulating people to work towards goals.
    4. What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
      • A motivational theory that identifies five levels of human needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization.
    5. What is leadership?
      • Leadership is the ability to influence and guide individuals towards achieving goals.

    Questions on Controlling:

    1. What is controlling?
      • Controlling involves monitoring performance and ensuring it aligns with planned objectives.
    2. What are the steps in the controlling process?
      • Setting standards, measuring performance, comparing with standards, and taking corrective action.
    3. Define standard.
      • A standard is a benchmark for measuring performance.
    4. What is a budget?
      • A budget is a financial plan for allocating resources.
    5. What is the importance of controlling?
      • Ensures efficient use of resources, improves performance, and achieves objectives.

    Case Study-Based Questions:

    1. How would you handle a decline in employee productivity?
      • Identify the cause, provide training, and implement motivational strategies.
    2. If a team is facing conflicts, how would you resolve them?
      • Address the issue through communication, mediation, and collaboration.
    3. What steps would you take to launch a new product?
      • Market research, planning, resource allocation, promotion, and feedback analysis.
    4. How would you manage a sudden drop in sales?
      • Analyze the market, improve marketing strategies, and enhance product quality.
    5. What strategies would you use to motivate employees?
      • Provide incentives, recognition, and opportunities for growth.

    Questions on Business Environment:

    1. What is a business environment?
      • The sum of all external and internal factors affecting a business.
    2. What are the dimensions of the business environment?
      • Economic, social, technological, political, and legal environments.
    3. What is globalization?
      • Globalization is the integration of economies worldwide through trade and investment.
    4. What is liberalization?
      • Liberalization is the relaxation of government restrictions on economic activities.
    5. Define corporate social responsibility (CSR).
      • CSR refers to a company’s responsibility to contribute positively to society.

    Miscellaneous Questions:

    1. What is entrepreneurship?
      • Entrepreneurship is the process of identifying opportunities and starting a new business.
    2. What is the role of ethics in business?
      • Ethics ensures transparency, fairness, and trustworthiness in business practices.
    3. What is SWOT analysis?
      • SWOT analysis identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
    4. What is a business plan?
      • A business plan is a document outlining business goals and the strategies to achieve them.
    5. What are the qualities of a successful manager?
      • Decision-making skills, leadership, communication, adaptability, and problem-solving.

    Tips for Viva Preparation:

    1. Understand Key Concepts: Ensure you have a strong grasp of the syllabus topics.
    2. Practice Mock Vivas: Rehearse answering questions aloud to boost confidence.
    3. Stay Updated: Be aware of current trends and case studies in business.
    4. Present Confidently: Maintain good posture, eye contact, and clarity while answering.

    By preparing these questions thoroughly, you can approach your viva with confidence and excel in your CBSE Class 12 Business Studies practical exam. Best of luck!