50 Viva Questions and Answers for CBSE Class 12th Business Studies Practical Exam (2024-25)

Business Studies is an essential subject for Class 12 students, offering insights into the corporate world and managerial functions. The practical examination, an integral part of the CBSE curriculum, assesses not just theoretical knowledge but also the ability to apply concepts effectively. To help you excel in your viva, here’s a curated list of 50 commonly asked questions along with their answers.

General Questions:

1. What is Business Studies?
   • Business Studies is a field of study that deals with business organization, management, and operations.
2. What are the objectives of studying Business Studies?
   • To develop business acumen, understand managerial concepts, and enhance decision-making skills.
3. Define management.
   • Management is the process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals.
4. Who is considered the ‘Father of Scientific Management’?
   • Frederick Winslow Taylor.
5. What are the five functions of management?
   • Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.

Questions on Principles of Management:

6. What are management principles?
   • Fundamental truths that guide managerial decision-making and actions.
7. Who proposed the 14 principles of management?
   • Henri Fayol.
8. Name any three principles of management.
   • Division of work, authority and responsibility, and discipline.
9. Explain the principle of unity of command.
   • An employee should receive orders from only one superior.
10. What is Taylor’s concept of ‘Scientific Management’?
    • A systematic approach to improving efficiency by analyzing and standardizing work processes.

Questions on Planning:

11. What is planning?
    • Planning involves setting objectives and determining the best course of action to achieve them.
12. What are the types of plans?
    • Strategic plans, tactical plans, and operational plans.
13. Define objectives.
    • Objectives are specific results that an organization aims to achieve.
14. What is the importance of planning?
    • Provides direction, reduces risks, facilitates decision-making, and promotes innovation.
15. What is a policy?
    • A policy is a general guideline for decision-making within an organization.

Questions on Organizing:

16. What is organizing?
    • Organizing involves arranging resources and tasks to achieve objectives.
17. Define organizational structure.
    • The framework within which tasks are divided, grouped, and coordinated.
18. What are the types of organizational structures?
    • Functional, divisional, and matrix structures.
19. What is the importance of delegation?
    • It helps in sharing the workload, develops subordinates, and facilitates better decision-making.
20. What is decentralization?
    • Delegation of decision-making authority to lower levels in an organization.

Questions on Staffing:

21. What is staffing?
    • Staffing involves recruiting, selecting, training, and developing employees.
22. What are the steps in the staffing process?
    • Manpower planning, recruitment, selection, training, and performance appraisal.
23. What is recruitment?
    • Recruitment is the process of attracting potential candidates for a job.
24. What are the sources of recruitment?
    • Internal (promotions, transfers) and external (advertisements, campus placements).
25. What is the importance of training?
    • Enhances employee skills, increases productivity, and reduces errors.

Questions on Directing:

26. What is directing?
    • Directing involves guiding, motivating, and supervising employees to achieve organizational goals.
27. What are the elements of directing?
    • Supervision, motivation, leadership, and communication.
28. What is motivation?
    • Motivation is the process of stimulating people to work towards goals.
29. What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
    • A motivational theory that identifies five levels of human needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization.
30. What is leadership?
    • Leadership is the ability to influence and guide individuals towards achieving goals.

Questions on Controlling:

31. What is controlling?
    • Controlling involves monitoring performance and ensuring it aligns with planned objectives.
32. What are the steps in the controlling process?
    • Setting standards, measuring performance, comparing with standards, and taking corrective action.
33. Define standard.
    • A standard is a benchmark for measuring performance.
34. What is a budget?
    • A budget is a financial plan for allocating resources.
35. What is the importance of controlling?
    • Ensures efficient use of resources, improves performance, and achieves objectives.

Case Study-Based Questions:

36. How would you handle a decline in employee productivity?
    • Identify the cause, provide training, and implement motivational strategies.
37. If a team is facing conflicts, how would you resolve them?
    • Address the issue through communication, mediation, and collaboration.
38. What steps would you take to launch a new product?
    • Market research, planning, resource allocation, promotion, and feedback analysis.
39. How would you manage a sudden drop in sales?
    • Analyze the market, improve marketing strategies, and enhance product quality.
40. What strategies would you use to motivate employees?
    • Provide incentives, recognition, and opportunities for growth.

Questions on Business Environment:

41. What is a business environment?
    • The sum of all external and internal factors affecting a business.
42. What are the dimensions of the business environment?
    • Economic, social, technological, political, and legal environments.
43. What is globalization?
    • Globalization is the integration of economies worldwide through trade and investment.
44. What is liberalization?
    • Liberalization is the relaxation of government restrictions on economic activities.
45. Define corporate social responsibility (CSR).
    • CSR refers to a company’s responsibility to contribute positively to society.

Miscellaneous Questions:

46. What is entrepreneurship?
    • Entrepreneurship is the process of identifying opportunities and starting a new business.
47. What is the role of ethics in business?
    • Ethics ensures transparency, fairness, and trustworthiness in business practices.
48. What is SWOT analysis?
    • SWOT analysis identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
49. What is a business plan?
    • A business plan is a document outlining business goals and the strategies to achieve them.
50. What are the qualities of a successful manager?
    • Decision-making skills, leadership, communication, adaptability, and problem-solving.

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Tips for Viva Preparation:

1. Understand Key Concepts: Ensure you have a strong grasp of the syllabus topics.
2. Practice Mock Vivas: Rehearse answering questions aloud to boost confidence.
3. Stay Updated: Be aware of current trends and case studies in business.
4. Present Confidently: Maintain good posture, eye contact, and clarity while answering.

By preparing these questions thoroughly, you can approach your viva with confidence and excel in your CBSE Class 12 Business Studies practical exam. Best of luck!