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Category: Practical

  • Class 12 IP Viva Questions and Practical Preparation Guide

    Class 12 IP Viva Questions and Practical Preparation Guide

    As the Class 12 CBSE board exams approach, Informatics Practices (IP) students must prepare not only for their written exams but also for the practical and viva assessments. This guide provides a comprehensive list of frequently asked viva questions, practical tips, and project ideas to help you excel.

    What is the IP Viva?

    The viva voce (oral examination) is a critical component of the IP practical exam. It tests your understanding of theoretical concepts, practical knowledge, and project work. Being well-prepared for the viva can significantly boost your overall practical marks.

    Common Viva Questions for IP Class 12

    Python and Pandas

    1. What is Python? Why is it popular?
    2. What are data types in Python?
    3. Explain the difference between a list, tuple, and dictionary.
    4. What is a DataFrame in Pandas?
    5. How do you create a DataFrame from a CSV file in Pandas?
    6. Explain the functions head(), tail(), and info() in Pandas.
    7. What is the difference between loc[] and iloc[] in Pandas?
    8. How can you handle missing data in a DataFrame?
    9. What is data visualization? Name some Python libraries used for it.
    10. How do you plot a bar chart using Matplotlib?

    SQL Queries

    1. What is SQL? Explain its uses.
    2. Differentiate between DDL, DML, and DCL commands.
    3. What is the purpose of the SELECT statement in SQL?
    4. Write an SQL query to fetch the first five records from a table.
    5. What is a primary key? How is it different from a unique key?
    6. Explain the difference between WHERE and HAVING clauses.
    7. What is a foreign key in a database?
    8. How do you use the JOIN operation in SQL?
    9. Write a query to display the names of students who scored more than 90 marks.
    10. What is the difference between GROUP BY and ORDER BY?

    Data Visualization

    1. What are the different types of charts used in data visualization?
    2. How do you create a histogram in Python?
    3. Explain the plot() function in Matplotlib.
    4. What are the key differences between a line chart and a scatter plot?
    5. How do you label axes in Matplotlib?

    Computer Networking

    1. What is a network? Name its types.
    2. What is the difference between LAN, WAN, and MAN?
    3. What is IP address? Differentiate between IPv4 and IPv6.
    4. What are MAC addresses?
    5. Explain the use of DNS.

    Miscellaneous Questions

    1. What is a CSV file? How do you work with it in Python?
    2. What is the difference between open-source and proprietary software?
    3. Explain the term “version control.”
    4. What is the importance of comments in programming?
    5. How do you handle errors in Python?

    Practical Viva Preparation

    1. Understand Your Project: Be thorough with the topic, objectives, and implementation of your project. For example, if your project is based on COVID-19 data analysis, be prepared to explain:
      • The source of your data.
      • How you cleaned the data.
      • The insights derived from your analysis.
    2. Practice Common Practical Questions:
      • Write a Python program to find the largest number in a list.
      • Create a DataFrame from a dictionary.
      • Write an SQL query to update a record in a table.
      • Visualize sales data using a bar chart in Matplotlib.
    3. Revise Important Functions and Commands:
      • Python: len(), append(), sort(), merge(), etc.
      • Pandas: groupby(), describe(), pivot_table().
      • SQL: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, JOIN.

    Project Ideas for Class 12 IP

    1. COVID-19 Data Analysis:
      • Analyze trends using Pandas and Matplotlib.
      • Display the impact of COVID-19 in various regions.
    2. Student Management System:
      • Manage student records using Python and SQL.
      • Include features like adding, updating, and viewing records.
    3. E-commerce Data Analysis:
      • Analyze sales trends and customer preferences.
    4. Library Management System:
      • Use Python for automation and SQL for the database.
    5. Weather Data Visualization:
      • Represent weather patterns using Matplotlib and Seaborn.

    Tips for Excelling in the Viva

    • Be Confident: Speak clearly and confidently while answering.
    • Understand Concepts: Avoid rote learning; focus on understanding.
    • Revise Thoroughly: Go through your practical file, project, and key concepts.
    • Ask for Clarifications: If a question is unclear, politely ask the examiner to repeat or clarify.
    • Stay Calm: Take a moment to think before answering.

    FAQs

    Q: What questions are commonly asked in the IP viva? A: Questions often revolve around Python programming, Pandas, SQL, data visualization, and your project work.

    Q: How should I prepare for the IP viva? A: Focus on understanding your project, revising Python and SQL concepts, and practicing practical questions.

    Q: What are some good IP project topics? A: Topics like COVID-19 data analysis, e-commerce trends, and student management systems are excellent choices.

    Q: What is the format of the practical exam? A: The exam usually includes a practical task, project presentation, and viva voce.

    Prepare diligently, and you’ll be ready to ace your Class 12 IP practicals and viva. Good luck!

  • CBSE Class 12th Practical & Written Exam Question Papers with Marking Scheme 2025

    CBSE Class 12th Practical & Written Exam Question Papers with Marking Scheme 2025

    Prepare effectively for your CBSE Class 12th board exams with access to the 2025 practical and written exam question papers along with detailed marking schemes. This comprehensive guide will help you understand the exam pattern, allocate marks efficiently, and excel in your preparation. Download now from Itxperts!

    Informatics Practices(IP-065)

    IP SET-A
    SET-A (MS)
    IP SET-B
    SET-B(MS)

    Computer Science

    Computer Science SET(1-4)

    Informatics Practices (IP) / Computer Science (CS) Viva Questions

    1. Q: What is a database?
      A: A database is an organized collection of data that can be accessed, managed, and updated electronically. Examples include MySQL, Oracle, and MongoDB.
    2. Q: What is the difference between primary key and foreign key?
      A: A primary key uniquely identifies a record in a table, while a foreign key is used to establish a relationship between two tables by referencing the primary key of another table.
    3. Q: What is Python? Name some of its popular libraries.
      A: Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language. Popular libraries include NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, and Scikit-learn.
    4. Q: What is the difference between a list and a tuple in Python?
      A: A list is mutable (can be changed), while a tuple is immutable (cannot be changed). Lists use square brackets ([]), and tuples use parentheses (()).
    5. Q: What is a function? How is it defined in Python?
      A: A function is a reusable block of code designed to perform a specific task. It is defined in Python using the def keyword. def my_function(): print("Hello, World!")
    6. Q: What is the purpose of the JOIN operation in SQL?
      A: The JOIN operation in SQL is used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column. Common types include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, and RIGHT JOIN.
    7. Q: What is a flowchart, and why is it used?
      A: A flowchart is a visual representation of an algorithm or process using symbols. It helps in understanding and communicating the logic of a program.
    8. Q: What is the difference between break and continue statements in Python?
      A: The break statement terminates the loop entirely, while the continue statement skips the current iteration and proceeds to the next iteration of the loop.
    9. Q: What is the use of a dictionary in Python?
      A: A dictionary in Python is used to store data in key-value pairs. It is defined using curly braces ({}) and allows fast lookups by key. my_dict = {"name": "John", "age": 25}
    10. Q: What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?
      A: A compiler translates the entire source code into machine code before execution, while an interpreter translates and executes the code line by line. Examples include GCC (compiler) and Python (interpreter).

    Informatics Practices (IP) / Computer Science (CS) Viva Questions

    1. Q: What is normalization in databases? Why is it important?
      A: Normalization is the process of organizing data to minimize redundancy and dependency. It is important for maintaining data integrity and optimizing database performance.
    2. Q: What are the different types of loops in Python?
      A: Python supports three types of loops:
      • For loop: Iterates over a sequence (e.g., list, tuple).
      • While loop: Repeats as long as a condition is true.
      • Nested loops: A loop inside another loop.
    3. Q: Explain the difference between GET and POST methods in HTTP.
      A:
      • GET: Used to retrieve data from the server. Data is sent in the URL and is less secure.
      • POST: Used to send data to the server. Data is sent in the request body, making it more secure.
    4. Q: What is a stack? Name a real-life application.
      A: A stack is a linear data structure that follows the LIFO (Last In, First Out) principle. A real-life example is the “undo” functionality in text editors.
    5. Q: What is recursion? Give an example.
      A: Recursion is a process in which a function calls itself. For example, calculating the factorial of a number: def factorial(n): return 1 if n == 0 else n * factorial(n - 1)
    6. Q: What is an algorithm? Name its key characteristics.
      A: An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. Key characteristics include:
      • Finiteness
      • Definiteness
      • Input and output
      • Effectiveness
    7. Q: What is the difference between a virus and a worm in cybersecurity?
      A:
      • Virus: Requires a host file or program to spread.
      • Worm: Can self-replicate and spread without a host.
    8. Q: What is the use of the try and except blocks in Python?
      A: These are used for error handling in Python. The try block contains the code that might raise an exception, and the except block handles the exception if it occurs.
    9. Q: What is a binary search?
      A: Binary search is an efficient algorithm for finding an item in a sorted list. It works by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half.
    10. Q: What is an API? Provide an example.
      A: An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules that allows different software to communicate with each other. For example, the Google Maps API lets developers integrate mapping features into their applications.