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CBSE Class 10 AI – Unit 6: Natural Language Processing (NLP)

June 29, 2025 · By @mritxperts

A. What is Natural Language Processing (NLP)?

Natural Language Processing is a branch of Artificial Intelligence that allows computers to understand, interpret, and respond to human language (spoken or written).

In simple words, NLP helps machines:


B. Importance of NLP in AI

NLP makes communication between humans and machines possible in a natural way.

Examples of NLP in daily life:


C. How NLP Works

NLP works by converting natural language (English, Hindi, etc.) into machine-readable format, analyzing it, and then converting it back into language the user understands.

It involves:

  1. Text/Voice Input
  2. Processing and Understanding
  3. Generating Response

D. Key Tasks in NLP

Task NameDescription
Text ClassificationCategorizing text (e.g., spam or not spam)
Sentiment AnalysisUnderstanding emotions in text (positive, negative, neutral)
Machine TranslationTranslating text from one language to another (e.g., English to Hindi)
Speech RecognitionConverting spoken language into text (used in voice typing)
Chatbot InteractionUnderstanding and responding to human queries

E. Key Steps in NLP Pipeline

1. Text Preprocessing

Before analysis, text must be cleaned.


2. Feature Extraction

Converting text into numbers that machines can understand.

Example:


3. Model Training and Prediction

Using the cleaned and converted data to train AI models to perform tasks like:


F. Tools and Libraries for NLP (Overview Only)

LibraryPurpose
NLTKNatural Language Toolkit – used for preprocessing
spaCyHigh-performance NLP library
TextBlobEasy-to-use library for beginners
Google Speech APIConverts speech to text

G. Real-Life Examples of NLP Applications

ApplicationTask Performed
Google TranslateMachine Translation
WhatsApp Voice TypingSpeech Recognition
Gmail Spam FilterText Classification
Amazon ChatbotConversational AI
Twitter Sentiment ToolSentiment Analysis

H. Activity Suggestion for Students

Activity 1: Show a chatbot window or a Google Assistant conversation.
Ask:

Activity 2: Take a short sentence and:

Example:
Sentence: “I am learning Artificial Intelligence from books.”


I. Challenges in NLP

ChallengeDescription
AmbiguityWords can have multiple meanings
Spelling/Grammar ErrorsCan confuse machines
Different LanguagesSame word may have different meanings
Tone and EmotionHard for machines to fully understand human emotions

J. Keywords to Remember

TermMeaning
NLPMaking computers understand human language
TokenizationBreaking sentences into individual words
Stop WordsCommon words removed before processing
StemmingReducing words to their base/root form
Sentiment AnalysisFinding emotions in text
Speech RecognitionConverting voice into text

K. Summary of the Unit