1. Internet and Related Terms
The Internet is a huge network that connects millions of computers all over the world. It allows people to share and access information, communicate, and use services.
🔹 Important Terms:
- World Wide Web (WWW): A collection of linked web pages you can view using a browser. It runs on the internet and helps us access websites and information.
- Web Server: A computer that stores websites and sends them to users when they request them.
- Web Client: Your computer or mobile that requests information from web servers using a browser.
- Website: A collection of related web pages. Example: www.itxperts.co.in
- Web Page: A single document on the internet that can contain text, images, videos, etc.
- Web Browser: Software used to open and view websites. Examples: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari.
- Blog: A personal website or webpage where someone shares ideas, articles, or experiences.
- Newsgroup: Online discussion forums where people can post and reply to messages on specific topics.
- HTML (HyperText Markup Language): The coding language used to make and design web pages. It tells the browser what to show.
- Web Address (URL): The unique address of a web page. Example: https://itxperts.co.in
- Email Address: A unique ID used for sending and receiving emails. Format: username@domain.com
- Downloading: Saving files (like videos, documents, apps) from the internet to your device.
- Uploading: Sending files from your device to the internet or a server.
2. Internet Protocols (Rules for Communication)
Protocols are a set of rules that computers follow to communicate over the internet.
🔹 Common Internet Protocols:
- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol): It is the base protocol that allows different computers to communicate and share data over the internet.
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Used to send emails from one computer to another.
- POP3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3): Used to receive and download emails from the mail server to your device.
- HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol): Used to view web pages. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted.
- HTTPS (HTTP Secure): A secure version of HTTP. It encrypts data for safer browsing, used for online banking, shopping, etc.
🔹 Remote Login and File Transfer Protocols:
These allow users to connect to other computers and transfer files.
- SSH (Secure Shell): Allows secure login to another computer over the internet. It keeps the data safe using encryption.
- SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol): Used to securely upload/download files. It is a safer version of FTP.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used to transfer files between computers. Not encrypted.
- SCP (Secure Copy Protocol): Used to copy files securely from one computer to another.
- TELNET: Used to connect and control remote computers. It is not secure, mostly replaced by SSH.
3. Services Available on the Internet
The internet provides many useful services. Here are some common ones:
- Information Retrieval: Finding and reading information from websites, blogs, online articles, etc.
- Search Engines: Tools to search the internet. Examples: Google, Bing, Yahoo.
- Finding People: Locating people using online directories or social media platforms like Facebook, LinkedIn.
4. Web Services
Web services are facilities or applications we use through the internet.
- Chat: Sending quick text messages in real time. Examples: WhatsApp, Telegram, Messenger.
- Email: Sending and receiving digital letters or messages. Examples: Gmail, Outlook.
- Video Conferencing: Online face-to-face meetings using audio and video. Examples: Zoom, Google Meet, MS Teams.
- e-Learning: Learning through the internet using online classes, videos, and quizzes. Examples: BYJU’S, Khan Academy.
- e-Banking: Doing banking activities online like checking balances, transferring money. Examples: SBI Net Banking, Paytm Bank.
- e-Shopping: Buying products and services online. Examples: Amazon, Flipkart.
- e-Reservation: Booking railway, flight, hotel tickets online. Examples: IRCTC, MakeMyTrip.
- e-Governance: Government services provided online like Aadhar update, paying bills, etc.
- e-Groups: Online communities that share common interests and exchange messages, documents.
- Social Networking: Platforms for connecting and sharing with others. Examples: Instagram, Facebook, Twitter.
5. Mobile Technologies
Mobile technologies allow communication and internet access on mobile phones.
- SMS (Short Message Service): Sending short text messages.
- MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service): Sending pictures, audio, or video through messages.
- 3G (3rd Generation): A mobile network that allows faster internet access than 2G.
- 4G (4th Generation): Much faster than 3G. Allows video streaming, online gaming, video calling with ease.
✅ Quick Summary:
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Web Browser | Used to open/view websites |
| HTML | Language used to design web pages |
| HTTP/HTTPS | Rules for opening websites (HTTPS is secure) |
| SMTP/POP3 | Used for sending and receiving emails |
| FTP/SFTP | Used for transferring files |
| SSH/TELNET | Used to remotely login to other computers |
| Chat, Email, etc. | Common web services |
| SMS/MMS, 4G | Mobile technologies used for communication |
Important Questions & Answers (Q&A)
Q1. What is the Internet?
Ans: The Internet is a global network that connects millions of computers worldwide. It allows users to share information, communicate, and access services like email, websites, and online shopping.
Q2. What is the difference between a web page and a website?
Ans:
- A web page is a single document or page on the internet.
- A website is a collection of related web pages under one domain name.
Example: Google.com is a website. Its search page is a web page.
Q3. What is a web browser? Give two examples.
Ans: A web browser is software used to access and view web pages.
Examples: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox.
Q4. What is HTML?
Ans: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language used to create and design web pages.
Q5. Write the full form of the following:
- HTTP
- SMTP
- FTP
- URL
Ans:
- HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol
- SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- FTP – File Transfer Protocol
- URL – Uniform Resource Locator
Q6. What is the difference between downloading and uploading?
Ans:
- Downloading means transferring a file from the internet to your device.
- Uploading means sending a file from your device to the internet/server.
Q7. What is e-Governance? Give one example.
Ans: e-Governance means providing government services online.
Example: Applying for Aadhar Card or paying electricity bills online.
Q8. What are search engines? Give two examples.
Ans: Search engines are tools that help users find websites and information on the internet.
Examples: Google, Bing.
Q9. What is HTTPS and how is it different from HTTP?
Ans: HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is the secure version of HTTP. It encrypts data for safe browsing, especially on websites where privacy is important like online banking.
Q10. What is the purpose of FTP?
Ans: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used to transfer files from one computer to another over the internet.
📝 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. What is the full form of HTML?
a) HyperText Machine Language
b) HighText Markup Language
c) HyperText Markup Language
d) None of these
✅ Answer: c
2. Which protocol is used to send emails?
a) POP3
b) SMTP
c) HTTP
d) FTP
✅ Answer: b
3. What does URL stand for?
a) Uniform Resource Locator
b) Uniform Remote Login
c) Universal Resource Link
d) None of these
✅ Answer: a
4. Which of the following is NOT a web browser?
a) Mozilla Firefox
b) Google Chrome
c) Windows Explorer
d) Opera
✅ Answer: c
5. Which protocol provides secure file transfer?
a) FTP
b) HTTP
c) SFTP
d) TELNET
✅ Answer: c
6. Which of the following is used for remote login?
a) SMTP
b) POP3
c) TELNET
d) FTP
✅ Answer: c
7. SMS stands for:
a) Short Message System
b) Simple Message Service
c) Short Message Service
d) Secure Messaging System
✅ Answer: c
8. Which of the following is a social networking site?
a) Google
b) Flipkart
c) Instagram
d) IRCTC
✅ Answer: c
9. What is the use of search engines?
a) To play games
b) To find information
c) To watch videos only
d) To send emails
✅ Answer: b
10. Which of these is an example of e-Learning?
a) Paytm
b) BYJU’S
c) Gmail
d) IRCTC
✅ Answer: b